coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.10.0

Merge pull request #228 from crawford/sub
env: add support for escaping environment substitutions
2014-09-11 17:36:38 -07:00 · 2014-09-11 15:34:03 -07:00 · 2014-09-11 15:30:33 -07:00 · 2014-09-11 13:25:21 -07:00 · 2014-09-11 12:00:17 -07:00 · 2014-09-11 12:00:17 -07:00
86 changed files with 5071 additions and 1126 deletions
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 language: go
-go: 1.2
+go:
+  - 1.3
+  - 1.2

 install:
 - go get code.google.com/p/go.tools/cmd/cover
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -39,22 +39,25 @@ Thanks for your contributions!

 ### Format of the Commit Message

-We follow a rough convention for commit messages borrowed from AngularJS. This
-is an example of a commit:
+We follow a rough convention for commit messages that is designed to answer two
+questions: what changed and why. The subject line should feature the what and
+the body of the commit should describe the why.

 ```
-    feat(scripts/test-cluster): add a cluster test command
+environment: write new keys in consistent order

-    this uses tmux to setup a test cluster that you can easily kill and
-    start for debugging.
+Go 1.3 randomizes the ordering of keys when iterating over a map.
+Sort the keys to make this ordering consistent.
+
+Fixes #38
 ```

 The format can be described more formally as follows:

 ```
-<type>(<scope>): <subject>
+<subsystem>: <what changed>
 <BLANK LINE>
-<body>
+<why this change was made>
 <BLANK LINE>
 <footer>
 ```
@@ -63,25 +66,3 @@ The first line is the subject and should be no longer than 70 characters, the
 second line is always blank, and other lines should be wrapped at 80 characters.
 This allows the message to be easier to read on GitHub as well as in various
 git tools.
-
-#### Subject Line
-
-The subject line contains a succinct description of the change.
-
-#### Allowed `<type>`s
- *feat* (feature)
- *fix* (bug fix)
- *docs* (documentation)
- *style* (formatting, missing semi colons, …)
- *refactor*
- *test* (when adding missing tests)
- *chore* (maintain)
-
-#### Allowed `<scope>`s
-
-Scopes can anything specifying the place of the commit change in the code base - 
-for example, "api", "store", etc.
-
-
-For more details on the commit format, see the [AngularJS commit style
-guide](https://docs.google.com/a/coreos.com/document/d/1QrDFcIiPjSLDn3EL15IJygNPiHORgU1_OOAqWjiDU5Y/edit#).
--- a/Documentation/cloud-config-oem.md
+++ b/Documentation/cloud-config-oem.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ If no **id** field is provided, coreos-cloudinit will ignore this section.

 For example, the following cloud-config document...

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config
 coreos:
  oem:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ coreos:

 ...would be rendered to the following `/etc/oem-release`:

-```
+```yaml
 ID=rackspace
 NAME="Rackspace Cloud Servers"
 VERSION_ID=168.0.0
--- a/Documentation/cloud-config.md
+++ b/Documentation/cloud-config.md
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # Using Cloud-Config

-CoreOS allows you to declaratively customize various OS-level items, such as network configuration, user accounts, and systemd units. This document describes the full list of items we can configure. The `coreos-cloudinit` program uses these files as it configures the OS after startup or during runtime. 
+CoreOS allows you to declaratively customize various OS-level items, such as network configuration, user accounts, and systemd units. This document describes the full list of items we can configure. The `coreos-cloudinit` program uses these files as it configures the OS after startup or during runtime. Your cloud-config is processed during each boot.

 ## Configuration File

-The file used by this system initialization program is called a "cloud-config" file. It is inspired by the [cloud-init][cloud-init] project's [cloud-config][cloud-config] file. which is "the defacto multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance" ([cloud-init docs][cloud-init-docs]). Because the cloud-init project includes tools which aren't used by CoreOS, only the relevant subset of its configuration items will be implemented in our cloud-config file. In addition to those, we added a few CoreOS-specific items, such as etcd configuration, OEM definition, and systemd units.
+The file used by this system initialization program is called a "cloud-config" file. It is inspired by the [cloud-init][cloud-init] project's [cloud-config][cloud-config] file, which is "the defacto multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance" ([cloud-init docs][cloud-init-docs]). Because the cloud-init project includes tools which aren't used by CoreOS, only the relevant subset of its configuration items will be implemented in our cloud-config file. In addition to those, we added a few CoreOS-specific items, such as etcd configuration, OEM definition, and systemd units.

 We've designed our implementation to allow the same cloud-config file to work across all of our supported platforms.

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ We've designed our implementation to allow the same cloud-config file to work ac

 The cloud-config file uses the [YAML][yaml] file format, which uses whitespace and new-lines to delimit lists, associative arrays, and values.

-A cloud-config file should contain an associative array which has zero or more of the following keys:
+A cloud-config file should contain `#cloud-config`, followed by an associative array which has zero or more of the following keys:

 - `coreos`
 - `ssh_authorized_keys`
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ CoreOS tries to conform to each platform's native method to provide user data. E
 #### etcd

 The `coreos.etcd.*` parameters will be translated to a partial systemd unit acting as an etcd configuration file.
-We can use the templating feature of coreos-cloudinit to automate etcd configuration with the `$private_ipv4` and `$public_ipv4` fields. For example, the following cloud-config document...
+If the platform environment supports the templating feature of coreos-cloudinit it is possible to automate etcd configuration with the `$private_ipv4` and `$public_ipv4` fields. For example, the following cloud-config document...

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 coreos:
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ coreos:

 ...will generate a systemd unit drop-in like this:

-```
+```yaml
 [Service]
 Environment="ETCD_NAME=node001"
 Environment="ETCD_DISCOVERY=https://discovery.etcd.io/<token>"
@@ -68,13 +68,15 @@ Environment="ETCD_PEER_ADDR=192.0.2.13:7001"
 For more information about the available configuration parameters, see the [etcd documentation][etcd-config].
 Note that hyphens in the coreos.etcd.* keys are mapped to underscores.

+_Note: The `$private_ipv4` and `$public_ipv4` substitution variables referenced in other documents are only supported on Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine, OpenStack, Rackspace, DigitalOcean, and Vagrant._
+
 [etcd-config]: https://github.com/coreos/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/configuration.md

 #### fleet

 The `coreos.fleet.*` parameters work very similarly to `coreos.etcd.*`, and allow for the configuration of fleet through environment variables. For example, the following cloud-config document...

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 coreos:
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ coreos:

 ...will generate a systemd unit drop-in like this:

-```
+```yaml
 [Service]
 Environment="FLEET_PUBLIC_IP=203.0.113.29"
 Environment="FLEET_METADATA=region=us-west"
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ Environment="FLEET_METADATA=region=us-west"

 For more information on fleet configuration, see the [fleet documentation][fleet-config].

-[fleet-config]: https://github.com/coreos/fleet/blob/master/Documentation/configuration.md
+[fleet-config]: https://github.com/coreos/fleet/blob/master/Documentation/deployment-and-configuration.md#configuration

 #### update

@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ The `reboot-strategy` parameter also affects the behaviour of [locksmith](https:

 ##### Example

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config
 coreos:
  update:
@@ -123,7 +125,9 @@ coreos:

 #### units

-The `coreos.units.*` parameters define a list of arbitrary systemd units to start. Each item is an object with the following fields:
+The `coreos.units.*` parameters define a list of arbitrary systemd units to start after booting. This feature is intended to help you start essential services required to mount storage and configure networking in order to join the CoreOS cluster. It is not intended to be a Chef/Puppet replacement.
+
+Each item is an object with the following fields:

 - **name**: String representing unit's name. Required.
 - **runtime**: Boolean indicating whether or not to persist the unit across reboots. This is analogous to the `--runtime` argument to `systemctl enable`. Default value is false.
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@ The `coreos.units.*` parameters define a list of arbitrary systemd units to star

 Write a unit to disk, automatically starting it.

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 coreos:
@@ -159,7 +163,7 @@ coreos:

 Start the built-in `etcd` and `fleet` services:

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 coreos:
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@ The `ssh_authorized_keys` parameter adds public SSH keys which will be authorize
 The keys will be named "coreos-cloudinit" by default.
 Override this by using the `--ssh-key-name` flag when calling `coreos-cloudinit`.

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 ssh_authorized_keys:
@@ -189,7 +193,7 @@ ssh_authorized_keys:
 The `hostname` parameter defines the system's hostname.
 This is the local part of a fully-qualified domain name (i.e. `foo` in `foo.example.com`).

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 hostname: coreos1
@@ -203,7 +207,7 @@ All but the `passwd` and `ssh-authorized-keys` fields will be ignored if the use
 - **name**: Required. Login name of user
 - **gecos**: GECOS comment of user
 - **passwd**: Hash of the password to use for this user
- **homedir**: User's home directory. Defaults to /home/<name>
+- **homedir**: User's home directory. Defaults to /home/\<name\>
 - **no-create-home**: Boolean. Skip home directory creation.
 - **primary-group**: Default group for the user. Defaults to a new group created named after the user.
 - **groups**: Add user to these additional groups
@@ -222,7 +226,7 @@ The following fields are not yet implemented:
 - **selinux-user**: Corresponding SELinux user
 - **ssh-import-id**: Import SSH keys by ID from Launchpad.

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 users:
@@ -261,7 +265,7 @@ Using a higher number of rounds will help create more secure passwords, but give

 Using the `coreos-ssh-import-github` field, we can import public SSH keys from a GitHub user to use as authorized keys to a server.

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 users:
@@ -274,7 +278,7 @@ users:
 We can also pull public SSH keys from any HTTP endpoint which matches [GitHub's API response format](https://developer.github.com/v3/users/keys/#list-public-keys-for-a-user).
 For example, if you have an installation of GitHub Enterprise, you can provide a complete URL with an authentication token:

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 users:
@@ -284,7 +288,7 @@ users:

 You can also specify any URL whose response matches the JSON format for public keys:

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 users:
@@ -294,7 +298,8 @@ users:

 ### write_files

-The `write-file` parameter defines a list of files to create on the local filesystem. Each file is represented as an associative array which has the following keys:
+The `write_files` directive defines a set of files to create on the local filesystem.
+Each item in the list may have the following keys:

 - **path**: Absolute location on disk where contents should be written
 - **content**: Data to write at the provided `path`
@@ -304,14 +309,19 @@ The `write-file` parameter defines a list of files to create on the local filesy
 Explicitly not implemented is the **encoding** attribute.
 The **content** field must represent exactly what should be written to disk.

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config
 write_files:
-  - path: /etc/fleet/fleet.conf
+  - path: /etc/resolv.conf
    permissions: 0644
+    owner: root
    content: |
-      verbosity=1
-      metadata="region=us-west,type=ssd"
+      nameserver 8.8.8.8
+  - path: /etc/motd
+    permissions: 0644
+    owner: root
+    content: |
+      Good news, everyone!
 ```

 ### manage_etc_hosts
@@ -321,7 +331,7 @@ Currently, the only supported value is "localhost" which will cause your system'
 to resolve to "127.0.0.1".  This is helpful when the host does not have DNS
 infrastructure in place to resolve its own hostname, for example, when using Vagrant.

-```
+```yaml
 #cloud-config

 manage_etc_hosts: localhost
--- a/Documentation/config-drive.md
+++ b/Documentation/config-drive.md
@@ -14,17 +14,21 @@ The image should be a single FAT or ISO9660 file system with the label

 For example, to wrap up a config named `user_data` in a config drive image:

+```sh
 mkdir -p /tmp/new-drive/openstack/latest
 cp user_data /tmp/new-drive/openstack/latest/user_data
 mkisofs -R -V config-2 -o configdrive.iso /tmp/new-drive
 rm -r /tmp/new-drive
+```

 ## QEMU virtfs

 One exception to the above, when using QEMU it is possible to skip creating an
 image and use a plain directory containing the same contents:

+```sh
 qemu-system-x86_64 \
    -fsdev local,id=conf,security_model=none,readonly,path=/tmp/new-drive \
    -device virtio-9p-pci,fsdev=conf,mount_tag=config-2 \
    [usual qemu options here...]
+```
--- a/3
+++ b/3
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Alex Crawford <alex.crawford@coreos.com> (@crawford)
+Jonathan Boulle <jonathan.boulle@coreos.com> (@jonboulle)
+Brian Waldon <brian.waldon@coreos.com> (@bcwaldon)
--- a/coreos-cloudinit.go
+++ b/coreos-cloudinit.go
@@ -8,98 +8,138 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/configdrive"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/file"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata/cloudsigma"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata/digitalocean"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata/ec2"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/proc_cmdline"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/url"
 	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/initialize"
 	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
 	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
 )

 const (
-	version               = "0.8.3"
+	version               = "0.10.0"
 	datasourceInterval    = 100 * time.Millisecond
 	datasourceMaxInterval = 30 * time.Second
 	datasourceTimeout     = 5 * time.Minute
 )

 var (
+	flags = struct {
 		printVersion  bool
 		ignoreFailure bool
 		sources       struct {
 			file                        string
 			configDrive                 string
 			metadataService             bool
+			ec2MetadataService          string
+			cloudSigmaMetadataService   bool
+			digitalOceanMetadataService string
 			url                         string
 			procCmdLine                 bool
 		}
 		convertNetconf string
 		workspace      string
 		sshKeyName     string
+		oem            string
+	}{}
 )

 func init() {
-	flag.BoolVar(&printVersion, "version", false, "Print the version and exit")
-	flag.BoolVar(&ignoreFailure, "ignore-failure", false, "Exits with 0 status in the event of malformed input from user-data")
-	flag.StringVar(&sources.file, "from-file", "", "Read user-data from provided file")
-	flag.StringVar(&sources.configDrive, "from-configdrive", "", "Read data from provided cloud-drive directory")
-	flag.BoolVar(&sources.metadataService, "from-metadata-service", false, "Download data from metadata service")
-	flag.StringVar(&sources.url, "from-url", "", "Download user-data from provided url")
-	flag.BoolVar(&sources.procCmdLine, "from-proc-cmdline", false, fmt.Sprintf("Parse %s for '%s=<url>', using the cloud-config served by an HTTP GET to <url>", datasource.ProcCmdlineLocation, datasource.ProcCmdlineCloudConfigFlag))
-	flag.StringVar(&convertNetconf, "convert-netconf", "", "Read the network config provided in cloud-drive and translate it from the specified format into networkd unit files (requires the -from-configdrive flag)")
-	flag.StringVar(&workspace, "workspace", "/var/lib/coreos-cloudinit", "Base directory coreos-cloudinit should use to store data")
-	flag.StringVar(&sshKeyName, "ssh-key-name", initialize.DefaultSSHKeyName, "Add SSH keys to the system with the given name")
+	flag.BoolVar(&flags.printVersion, "version", false, "Print the version and exit")
+	flag.BoolVar(&flags.ignoreFailure, "ignore-failure", false, "Exits with 0 status in the event of malformed input from user-data")
+	flag.StringVar(&flags.sources.file, "from-file", "", "Read user-data from provided file")
+	flag.StringVar(&flags.sources.configDrive, "from-configdrive", "", "Read data from provided cloud-drive directory")
+	flag.BoolVar(&flags.sources.metadataService, "from-metadata-service", false, "[DEPRECATED - Use -from-ec2-metadata] Download data from metadata service")
+	flag.StringVar(&flags.sources.ec2MetadataService, "from-ec2-metadata", "", "Download EC2 data from the provided url")
+	flag.BoolVar(&flags.sources.cloudSigmaMetadataService, "from-cloudsigma-metadata", false, "Download data from CloudSigma server context")
+	flag.StringVar(&flags.sources.digitalOceanMetadataService, "from-digitalocean-metadata", "", "Download DigitalOcean data from the provided url")
+	flag.StringVar(&flags.sources.url, "from-url", "", "Download user-data from provided url")
+	flag.BoolVar(&flags.sources.procCmdLine, "from-proc-cmdline", false, fmt.Sprintf("Parse %s for '%s=<url>', using the cloud-config served by an HTTP GET to <url>", proc_cmdline.ProcCmdlineLocation, proc_cmdline.ProcCmdlineCloudConfigFlag))
+	flag.StringVar(&flags.oem, "oem", "", "Use the settings specific to the provided OEM")
+	flag.StringVar(&flags.convertNetconf, "convert-netconf", "", "Read the network config provided in cloud-drive and translate it from the specified format into networkd unit files")
+	flag.StringVar(&flags.workspace, "workspace", "/var/lib/coreos-cloudinit", "Base directory coreos-cloudinit should use to store data")
+	flag.StringVar(&flags.sshKeyName, "ssh-key-name", initialize.DefaultSSHKeyName, "Add SSH keys to the system with the given name")
 }

+type oemConfig map[string]string
+
+var (
+	oemConfigs = map[string]oemConfig{
+		"digitalocean": oemConfig{
+			"from-digitalocean-metadata": "http://169.254.169.254/",
+			"convert-netconf":            "digitalocean",
+		},
+		"ec2-compat": oemConfig{
+			"from-ec2-metadata": "http://169.254.169.254/",
+			"from-configdrive":  "/media/configdrive",
+		},
+		"rackspace-onmetal": oemConfig{
+			"from-configdrive": "/media/configdrive",
+			"convert-netconf":  "debian",
+		},
+	}
+)
+
 func main() {
+	failure := false
+
 	flag.Parse()

-	die := func() {
-		if ignoreFailure {
-			os.Exit(0)
+	if c, ok := oemConfigs[flags.oem]; ok {
+		for k, v := range c {
+			flag.Set(k, v)
 		}
-		os.Exit(1)
+	} else if flags.oem != "" {
+		oems := make([]string, 0, len(oemConfigs))
+		for k := range oemConfigs {
+			oems = append(oems, k)
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("Invalid option to --oem: %q. Supported options: %q\n", flags.oem, oems)
+		os.Exit(2)
 	}

-	if printVersion == true {
+	if flags.printVersion == true {
 		fmt.Printf("coreos-cloudinit version %s\n", version)
 		os.Exit(0)
 	}

-	if convertNetconf != "" && sources.configDrive == "" {
-		fmt.Println("-convert-netconf flag requires -from-configdrive")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	switch convertNetconf {
+	switch flags.convertNetconf {
 	case "":
 	case "debian":
+	case "digitalocean":
 	default:
-		fmt.Printf("Invalid option to -convert-netconf: '%s'. Supported options: 'debian'\n", convertNetconf)
-		os.Exit(1)
+		fmt.Printf("Invalid option to -convert-netconf: '%s'. Supported options: 'debian, digitalocean'\n", flags.convertNetconf)
+		os.Exit(2)
 	}

 	dss := getDatasources()
 	if len(dss) == 0 {
-		fmt.Println("Provide at least one of --from-file, --from-configdrive, --from-metadata-service, --from-url or --from-proc-cmdline")
-		os.Exit(1)
+		fmt.Println("Provide at least one of --from-file, --from-configdrive, --from-ec2-metadata, --from-cloudsigma-metadata, --from-url or --from-proc-cmdline")
+		os.Exit(2)
 	}

 	ds := selectDatasource(dss)
 	if ds == nil {
 		fmt.Println("No datasources available in time")
-		die()
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}

 	fmt.Printf("Fetching user-data from datasource of type %q\n", ds.Type())
 	userdataBytes, err := ds.FetchUserdata()
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Failed fetching user-data from datasource: %v\n", err)
-		die()
+		fmt.Printf("Failed fetching user-data from datasource: %v\nContinuing...\n", err)
+		failure = true
 	}

 	fmt.Printf("Fetching meta-data from datasource of type %q\n", ds.Type())
 	metadataBytes, err := ds.FetchMetadata()
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("Failed fetching meta-data from datasource: %v\n", err)
-		die()
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}

 	// Extract IPv4 addresses from metadata if possible
@@ -108,21 +148,34 @@ func main() {
 		subs, err = initialize.ExtractIPsFromMetadata(metadataBytes)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("Failed extracting IPs from meta-data: %v\n", err)
-			die()
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	}

-	env := initialize.NewEnvironment("/", ds.ConfigRoot(), workspace, convertNetconf, sshKeyName, subs)
+	// Apply environment to user-data
+	env := initialize.NewEnvironment("/", ds.ConfigRoot(), flags.workspace, flags.convertNetconf, flags.sshKeyName, subs)
+	userdata := env.Apply(string(userdataBytes))

 	var ccm, ccu *initialize.CloudConfig
 	var script *system.Script
 	if ccm, err = initialize.ParseMetaData(string(metadataBytes)); err != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("Failed to parse meta-data: %v\n", err)
-		die()
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
-	if ud, err := initialize.ParseUserData(string(userdataBytes)); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("Failed to parse user-data: %v\n", err)
-		die()
+
+	if ccm != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Fetching network config from datasource of type %q\n", ds.Type())
+		netconfBytes, err := ds.FetchNetworkConfig(ccm.NetworkConfigPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("Failed fetching network config from datasource: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		ccm.NetworkConfig = string(netconfBytes)
+	}
+
+	if ud, err := initialize.ParseUserData(userdata); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Failed to parse user-data: %v\nContinuing...\n", err)
+		failure = true
 	} else {
 		switch t := ud.(type) {
 		case *initialize.CloudConfig:
@@ -150,16 +203,20 @@ func main() {
 	if cc != nil {
 		if err = initialize.Apply(*cc, env); err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("Failed to apply cloud-config: %v\n", err)
-			die()
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	}

 	if script != nil {
 		if err = runScript(*script, env); err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("Failed to run script: %v\n", err)
-			die()
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	}
+
+	if failure && !flags.ignoreFailure {
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
 }

 // mergeCloudConfig merges certain options from mdcc (a CloudConfig derived from
@@ -170,7 +227,7 @@ func main() {
 func mergeCloudConfig(mdcc, udcc initialize.CloudConfig) (cc initialize.CloudConfig) {
 	if mdcc.Hostname != "" {
 		if udcc.Hostname != "" {
-			fmt.Printf("Warning: user-data hostname (%s) overrides metadata hostname (%s)", udcc.Hostname, mdcc.Hostname)
+			fmt.Printf("Warning: user-data hostname (%s) overrides metadata hostname (%s)\n", udcc.Hostname, mdcc.Hostname)
 		} else {
 			udcc.Hostname = mdcc.Hostname
 		}
@@ -181,11 +238,18 @@ func mergeCloudConfig(mdcc, udcc initialize.CloudConfig) (cc initialize.CloudCon
 	}
 	if mdcc.NetworkConfigPath != "" {
 		if udcc.NetworkConfigPath != "" {
-			fmt.Printf("Warning: user-data NetworkConfigPath %s overrides metadata NetworkConfigPath %s", udcc.NetworkConfigPath, mdcc.NetworkConfigPath)
+			fmt.Printf("Warning: user-data NetworkConfigPath %s overrides metadata NetworkConfigPath %s\n", udcc.NetworkConfigPath, mdcc.NetworkConfigPath)
 		} else {
 			udcc.NetworkConfigPath = mdcc.NetworkConfigPath
 		}
 	}
+	if mdcc.NetworkConfig != "" {
+		if udcc.NetworkConfig != "" {
+			fmt.Printf("Warning: user-data NetworkConfig %s overrides metadata NetworkConfig %s\n", udcc.NetworkConfig, mdcc.NetworkConfig)
+		} else {
+			udcc.NetworkConfig = mdcc.NetworkConfig
+		}
+	}
 	return udcc
 }

@@ -193,20 +257,29 @@ func mergeCloudConfig(mdcc, udcc initialize.CloudConfig) (cc initialize.CloudCon
 // on the different source command-line flags.
 func getDatasources() []datasource.Datasource {
 	dss := make([]datasource.Datasource, 0, 5)
-	if sources.file != "" {
-		dss = append(dss, datasource.NewLocalFile(sources.file))
+	if flags.sources.file != "" {
+		dss = append(dss, file.NewDatasource(flags.sources.file))
 	}
-	if sources.url != "" {
-		dss = append(dss, datasource.NewRemoteFile(sources.url))
+	if flags.sources.url != "" {
+		dss = append(dss, url.NewDatasource(flags.sources.url))
 	}
-	if sources.configDrive != "" {
-		dss = append(dss, datasource.NewConfigDrive(sources.configDrive))
+	if flags.sources.configDrive != "" {
+		dss = append(dss, configdrive.NewDatasource(flags.sources.configDrive))
 	}
-	if sources.metadataService {
-		dss = append(dss, datasource.NewMetadataService())
+	if flags.sources.metadataService {
+		dss = append(dss, ec2.NewDatasource(ec2.DefaultAddress))
 	}
-	if sources.procCmdLine {
-		dss = append(dss, datasource.NewProcCmdline())
+	if flags.sources.ec2MetadataService != "" {
+		dss = append(dss, ec2.NewDatasource(flags.sources.ec2MetadataService))
+	}
+	if flags.sources.cloudSigmaMetadataService {
+		dss = append(dss, cloudsigma.NewServerContextService())
+	}
+	if flags.sources.digitalOceanMetadataService != "" {
+		dss = append(dss, digitalocean.NewDatasource(flags.sources.digitalOceanMetadataService))
+	}
+	if flags.sources.procCmdLine {
+		dss = append(dss, proc_cmdline.NewDatasource())
 	}
 	return dss
 }
@@ -238,7 +311,7 @@ func selectDatasource(sources []datasource.Datasource) datasource.Datasource {
 				select {
 				case <-stop:
 					return
-				case <-time.Tick(duration):
+				case <-time.After(duration):
 					duration = pkg.ExpBackoff(duration, datasourceMaxInterval)
 				}
 			}
@@ -255,7 +328,7 @@ func selectDatasource(sources []datasource.Datasource) datasource.Datasource {
 	select {
 	case s = <-ds:
 	case <-done:
-	case <-time.Tick(datasourceTimeout):
+	case <-time.After(datasourceTimeout):
 	}

 	close(stop)
--- a/coreos-cloudinit_test.go
+++ b/coreos-cloudinit_test.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ func TestMergeCloudConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		SSHAuthorizedKeys: []string{"abc", "def"},
 		Hostname:          "foobar",
 		NetworkConfigPath: "/path/somewhere",
+		NetworkConfig:     `{}`,
 	}
 	for i, tt := range []struct {
 		udcc initialize.CloudConfig
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ func TestMergeCloudConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			initialize.CloudConfig{
 				Hostname:          "meta-hostname",
 				NetworkConfigPath: "/path/meta",
+				NetworkConfig:     `{"hostname":"test"}`,
 			},
 			simplecc,
 		},
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ func TestMergeCloudConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				SSHAuthorizedKeys: []string{"abc", "def"},
 				Hostname:          "user-hostname",
 				NetworkConfigPath: "/path/somewhere",
+				NetworkConfig:     `{"hostname":"test"}`,
 			},
 			initialize.CloudConfig{
 				SSHAuthorizedKeys: []string{"woof", "qux"},
@@ -54,6 +57,7 @@ func TestMergeCloudConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				SSHAuthorizedKeys: []string{"abc", "def", "woof", "qux"},
 				Hostname:          "user-hostname",
 				NetworkConfigPath: "/path/somewhere",
+				NetworkConfig:     `{"hostname":"test"}`,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -64,11 +68,13 @@ func TestMergeCloudConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			initialize.CloudConfig{
 				SSHAuthorizedKeys: []string{"zaphod", "beeblebrox"},
 				NetworkConfigPath: "/dev/fun",
+				NetworkConfig:     `{"hostname":"test"}`,
 			},
 			initialize.CloudConfig{
 				Hostname:          "supercool",
 				SSHAuthorizedKeys: []string{"zaphod", "beeblebrox"},
 				NetworkConfigPath: "/dev/fun",
+				NetworkConfig:     `{"hostname":"test"}`,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -80,11 +86,13 @@ func TestMergeCloudConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			initialize.CloudConfig{
 				Hostname:          "youyouyou",
 				NetworkConfigPath: "meta-meta-yo",
+				NetworkConfig:     `{"hostname":"test"}`,
 			},
 			initialize.CloudConfig{
 				Hostname:          "mememe",
 				ManageEtcHosts:    initialize.EtcHosts("lolz"),
 				NetworkConfigPath: "meta-meta-yo",
+				NetworkConfig:     `{"hostname":"test"}`,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -95,10 +103,12 @@ func TestMergeCloudConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			initialize.CloudConfig{
 				ManageEtcHosts:    initialize.EtcHosts("lolz"),
 				NetworkConfigPath: "meta-meta-yo",
+				NetworkConfig:     `{"hostname":"test"}`,
 			},
 			initialize.CloudConfig{
 				Hostname:          "mememe",
 				NetworkConfigPath: "meta-meta-yo",
+				NetworkConfig:     `{"hostname":"test"}`,
 			},
 		},
 	} {
--- a/datasource/configdrive.go
+++ b/datasource/configdrive.go
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-package datasource
-
-import (
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-)
-
-type configDrive struct {
-	root string
-}
-
-func NewConfigDrive(root string) *configDrive {
-	return &configDrive{path.Join(root, "openstack")}
-}
-
-func (cd *configDrive) IsAvailable() bool {
-	_, err := os.Stat(cd.root)
-	return !os.IsNotExist(err)
-}
-
-func (cd *configDrive) AvailabilityChanges() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (cd *configDrive) ConfigRoot() string {
-	return cd.root
-}
-
-func (cd *configDrive) FetchMetadata() ([]byte, error) {
-	return cd.readFile("meta_data.json")
-}
-
-func (cd *configDrive) FetchUserdata() ([]byte, error) {
-	return cd.readFile("user_data")
-}
-
-func (cd *configDrive) Type() string {
-	return "cloud-drive"
-}
-
-func (cd *configDrive) readFile(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
-	data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(cd.root, "latest", filename))
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		err = nil
-	}
-	return data, err
-}
--- a/datasource/configdrive/configdrive.go
+++ b/datasource/configdrive/configdrive.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package configdrive
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+)
+
+const (
+	openstackApiVersion = "latest"
+)
+
+type configDrive struct {
+	root     string
+	readFile func(filename string) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+func NewDatasource(root string) *configDrive {
+	return &configDrive{root, ioutil.ReadFile}
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) IsAvailable() bool {
+	_, err := os.Stat(cd.root)
+	return !os.IsNotExist(err)
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) AvailabilityChanges() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) ConfigRoot() string {
+	return cd.openstackRoot()
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) FetchMetadata() ([]byte, error) {
+	return cd.tryReadFile(path.Join(cd.openstackVersionRoot(), "meta_data.json"))
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) FetchUserdata() ([]byte, error) {
+	return cd.tryReadFile(path.Join(cd.openstackVersionRoot(), "user_data"))
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) FetchNetworkConfig(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return cd.tryReadFile(path.Join(cd.openstackRoot(), filename))
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) Type() string {
+	return "cloud-drive"
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) openstackRoot() string {
+	return path.Join(cd.root, "openstack")
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) openstackVersionRoot() string {
+	return path.Join(cd.openstackRoot(), openstackApiVersion)
+}
+
+func (cd *configDrive) tryReadFile(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
+	fmt.Printf("Attempting to read from %q\n", filename)
+	data, err := cd.readFile(filename)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		err = nil
+	}
+	return data, err
+}
--- a/datasource/configdrive/configdrive_test.go
+++ b/datasource/configdrive/configdrive_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package configdrive
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type mockFilesystem []string
+
+func (m mockFilesystem) readFile(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
+	for _, file := range m {
+		if file == filename {
+			return []byte(filename), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, os.ErrNotExist
+}
+
+func TestFetchMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root     string
+		filename string
+		files    mockFilesystem
+	}{
+		{
+			"/",
+			"",
+			mockFilesystem{},
+		},
+		{
+			"/",
+			"/openstack/latest/meta_data.json",
+			mockFilesystem([]string{"/openstack/latest/meta_data.json"}),
+		},
+		{
+			"/media/configdrive",
+			"/media/configdrive/openstack/latest/meta_data.json",
+			mockFilesystem([]string{"/media/configdrive/openstack/latest/meta_data.json"}),
+		},
+	} {
+		cd := configDrive{tt.root, tt.files.readFile}
+		filename, err := cd.FetchMetadata()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("bad error for %q: want %q, got %q", tt, nil, err)
+		}
+		if string(filename) != tt.filename {
+			t.Fatalf("bad path for %q: want %q, got %q", tt, tt.filename, filename)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchUserdata(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root     string
+		filename string
+		files    mockFilesystem
+	}{
+		{
+			"/",
+			"",
+			mockFilesystem{},
+		},
+		{
+			"/",
+			"/openstack/latest/user_data",
+			mockFilesystem([]string{"/openstack/latest/user_data"}),
+		},
+		{
+			"/media/configdrive",
+			"/media/configdrive/openstack/latest/user_data",
+			mockFilesystem([]string{"/media/configdrive/openstack/latest/user_data"}),
+		},
+	} {
+		cd := configDrive{tt.root, tt.files.readFile}
+		filename, err := cd.FetchUserdata()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("bad error for %q: want %q, got %q", tt, nil, err)
+		}
+		if string(filename) != tt.filename {
+			t.Fatalf("bad path for %q: want %q, got %q", tt, tt.filename, filename)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root       string
+		configRoot string
+	}{
+		{
+			"/",
+			"/openstack",
+		},
+		{
+			"/media/configdrive",
+			"/media/configdrive/openstack",
+		},
+	} {
+		cd := configDrive{tt.root, nil}
+		if configRoot := cd.ConfigRoot(); configRoot != tt.configRoot {
+			t.Fatalf("bad config root for %q: want %q, got %q", tt, tt.configRoot, configRoot)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewDatasource(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root       string
+		expectRoot string
+	}{
+		{
+			root:       "",
+			expectRoot: "",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "/media/configdrive",
+			expectRoot: "/media/configdrive",
+		},
+	} {
+		service := NewDatasource(tt.root)
+		if service.root != tt.expectRoot {
+			t.Fatalf("bad root (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.root, tt.expectRoot, service.root)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/datasource/datasource.go
+++ b/datasource/datasource.go
@@ -6,5 +6,6 @@ type Datasource interface {
 	ConfigRoot() string
 	FetchMetadata() ([]byte, error)
 	FetchUserdata() ([]byte, error)
+	FetchNetworkConfig(string) ([]byte, error)
 	Type() string
 }
--- a/datasource/file/file.go
+++ b/datasource/file/file.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package datasource
+package file

 import (
 	"io/ioutil"
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ type localFile struct {
 	path string
 }

-func NewLocalFile(path string) *localFile {
+func NewDatasource(path string) *localFile {
 	return &localFile{path}
 }

@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ func (f *localFile) FetchUserdata() ([]byte, error) {
 	return ioutil.ReadFile(f.path)
 }

+func (f *localFile) FetchNetworkConfig(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 func (f *localFile) Type() string {
 	return "local-file"
 }
--- a/datasource/metadata/cloudsigma/server_context.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata/cloudsigma/server_context.go
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package cloudsigma
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo"
+)
+
+const (
+	userDataFieldName = "cloudinit-user-data"
+)
+
+type serverContextService struct {
+	client interface {
+		All() (interface{}, error)
+		Key(string) (interface{}, error)
+		Meta() (map[string]string, error)
+		FetchRaw(string) ([]byte, error)
+	}
+}
+
+func NewServerContextService() *serverContextService {
+	return &serverContextService{
+		client: cepgo.NewCepgo(),
+	}
+}
+
+func (_ *serverContextService) IsAvailable() bool {
+	productNameFile, err := os.Open("/sys/class/dmi/id/product_name")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	productName := make([]byte, 10)
+	_, err = productNameFile.Read(productName)
+	return err == nil && string(productName) == "CloudSigma"
+}
+
+func (_ *serverContextService) AvailabilityChanges() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (_ *serverContextService) ConfigRoot() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (_ *serverContextService) Type() string {
+	return "server-context"
+}
+
+func (scs *serverContextService) FetchMetadata() ([]byte, error) {
+	var (
+		inputMetadata struct {
+			Name string            `json:"name"`
+			UUID string            `json:"uuid"`
+			Meta map[string]string `json:"meta"`
+			Nics []struct {
+				Runtime struct {
+					InterfaceType string `json:"interface_type"`
+					IPv4          struct {
+						IP string `json:"uuid"`
+					} `json:"ip_v4"`
+				} `json:"runtime"`
+			} `json:"nics"`
+		}
+		outputMetadata struct {
+			Hostname   string            `json:"name"`
+			PublicKeys map[string]string `json:"public_keys"`
+			LocalIPv4  string            `json:"local-ipv4"`
+			PublicIPv4 string            `json:"public-ipv4"`
+		}
+	)
+
+	rawMetadata, err := scs.client.FetchRaw("")
+	if err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, err
+	}
+
+	err = json.Unmarshal(rawMetadata, &inputMetadata)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, err
+	}
+
+	if inputMetadata.Name != "" {
+		outputMetadata.Hostname = inputMetadata.Name
+	} else {
+		outputMetadata.Hostname = inputMetadata.UUID
+	}
+
+	if key, ok := inputMetadata.Meta["ssh_public_key"]; ok {
+		splitted := strings.Split(key, " ")
+		outputMetadata.PublicKeys = make(map[string]string)
+		outputMetadata.PublicKeys[splitted[len(splitted)-1]] = key
+	}
+
+	for _, nic := range inputMetadata.Nics {
+		if nic.Runtime.IPv4.IP != "" {
+			if nic.Runtime.InterfaceType == "public" {
+				outputMetadata.PublicIPv4 = nic.Runtime.IPv4.IP
+			} else {
+				outputMetadata.LocalIPv4 = nic.Runtime.IPv4.IP
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return json.Marshal(outputMetadata)
+}
+
+func (scs *serverContextService) FetchUserdata() ([]byte, error) {
+	metadata, err := scs.client.Meta()
+	if err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, err
+	}
+
+	userData, ok := metadata[userDataFieldName]
+	if ok && isBase64Encoded(userDataFieldName, metadata) {
+		if decodedUserData, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(userData); err == nil {
+			return decodedUserData, nil
+		} else {
+			return []byte{}, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return []byte(userData), nil
+}
+
+func (scs *serverContextService) FetchNetworkConfig(a string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func isBase64Encoded(field string, userdata map[string]string) bool {
+	base64Fields, ok := userdata["base64_fields"]
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, base64Field := range strings.Split(base64Fields, ",") {
+		if field == base64Field {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata/cloudsigma/server_context_test.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata/cloudsigma/server_context_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package cloudsigma
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type fakeCepgoClient struct {
+	raw  []byte
+	meta map[string]string
+	keys map[string]interface{}
+	err  error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCepgoClient) All() (interface{}, error) {
+	return f.keys, f.err
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCepgoClient) Key(key string) (interface{}, error) {
+	return f.keys[key], f.err
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCepgoClient) Meta() (map[string]string, error) {
+	return f.meta, f.err
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCepgoClient) FetchRaw(key string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return f.raw, f.err
+}
+
+func TestServerContextFetchMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	var metadata struct {
+		Hostname   string            `json:"name"`
+		PublicKeys map[string]string `json:"public_keys"`
+		LocalIPv4  string            `json:"local-ipv4"`
+		PublicIPv4 string            `json:"public-ipv4"`
+	}
+	client := new(fakeCepgoClient)
+	scs := NewServerContextService()
+	scs.client = client
+	client.raw = []byte(`{
+		"context": true,
+		"cpu": 4000,
+		"cpu_model": null,
+		"cpus_instead_of_cores": false,
+		"enable_numa": false,
+		"grantees": [],
+		"hv_relaxed": false,
+		"hv_tsc": false,
+		"jobs": [],
+		"mem": 4294967296,
+		"meta": {
+			"base64_fields": "cloudinit-user-data",
+			"cloudinit-user-data": "I2Nsb3VkLWNvbmZpZwoKaG9zdG5hbWU6IGNvcmVvczE=",
+			"ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2E.../hQ5D5 john@doe"
+		},
+		"name": "coreos",
+		"nics": [
+			{
+				"runtime": {
+					"interface_type": "public",
+					"ip_v4": {
+						"uuid": "31.171.251.74"
+					},
+					"ip_v6": null
+				},
+				"vlan": null
+			}
+		],
+		"smp": 2,
+		"status": "running",
+		"uuid": "20a0059b-041e-4d0c-bcc6-9b2852de48b3"
+	}`)
+
+	metadataBytes, err := scs.FetchMetadata()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(metadataBytes, &metadata); err != nil {
+		t.Error(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if metadata.Hostname != "coreos" {
+		t.Errorf("Hostname is not 'coreos' but %s instead", metadata.Hostname)
+	}
+
+	if metadata.PublicKeys["john@doe"] != "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2E.../hQ5D5 john@doe" {
+		t.Error("Public SSH Keys are not being read properly")
+	}
+
+	if metadata.LocalIPv4 != "" {
+		t.Errorf("Local IP is not empty but %s instead", metadata.LocalIPv4)
+	}
+
+	if metadata.PublicIPv4 != "31.171.251.74" {
+		t.Errorf("Local IP is not 31.171.251.74 but %s instead", metadata.PublicIPv4)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServerContextFetchUserdata(t *testing.T) {
+	client := new(fakeCepgoClient)
+	scs := NewServerContextService()
+	scs.client = client
+	userdataSets := []struct {
+		in  map[string]string
+		err bool
+		out []byte
+	}{
+		{map[string]string{
+			"base64_fields":       "cloudinit-user-data",
+			"cloudinit-user-data": "aG9zdG5hbWU6IGNvcmVvc190ZXN0",
+		}, false, []byte("hostname: coreos_test")},
+		{map[string]string{
+			"cloudinit-user-data": "#cloud-config\\nhostname: coreos1",
+		}, false, []byte("#cloud-config\\nhostname: coreos1")},
+		{map[string]string{}, false, []byte{}},
+	}
+
+	for i, set := range userdataSets {
+		client.meta = set.in
+		got, err := scs.FetchUserdata()
+		if (err != nil) != set.err {
+			t.Errorf("case %d: bad error state (got %t, want %t)", i, err != nil, set.err)
+		}
+
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, set.out) {
+			t.Errorf("case %d: got %s, want %s", i, got, set.out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServerContextDecodingBase64UserData(t *testing.T) {
+	base64Sets := []struct {
+		in  string
+		out bool
+	}{
+		{"cloudinit-user-data,foo,bar", true},
+		{"bar,cloudinit-user-data,foo,bar", true},
+		{"cloudinit-user-data", true},
+		{"", false},
+		{"foo", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, set := range base64Sets {
+		userdata := map[string]string{"base64_fields": set.in}
+		if isBase64Encoded("cloudinit-user-data", userdata) != set.out {
+			t.Errorf("isBase64Encoded(cloudinit-user-data, %s) should be %t", userdata, set.out)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata/digitalocean/metadata.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata/digitalocean/metadata.go
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package digitalocean
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata"
+)
+
+const (
+	DefaultAddress = "http://169.254.169.254/"
+	apiVersion     = "metadata/v1"
+	userdataUrl    = apiVersion + "/user-data"
+	metadataPath   = apiVersion + ".json"
+)
+
+type Address struct {
+	IPAddress string `json:"ip_address"`
+	Netmask   string `json:"netmask"`
+	Cidr      int    `json:"cidr"`
+	Gateway   string `json:"gateway"`
+}
+
+type Interface struct {
+	IPv4 *Address `json:"ipv4"`
+	IPv6 *Address `json:"ipv6"`
+	MAC  string   `json:"mac"`
+	Type string   `json:"type"`
+}
+
+type Interfaces struct {
+	Public  []Interface `json:"public"`
+	Private []Interface `json:"private"`
+}
+
+type DNS struct {
+	Nameservers []string `json:"nameservers"`
+}
+
+type Metadata struct {
+	Hostname   string     `json:"hostname"`
+	Interfaces Interfaces `json:"interfaces"`
+	PublicKeys []string   `json:"public_keys"`
+	DNS        DNS        `json:"dns"`
+}
+
+type metadataService struct {
+	interfaces Interfaces
+	dns        DNS
+	metadata.MetadataService
+}
+
+func NewDatasource(root string) *metadataService {
+	return &metadataService{MetadataService: metadata.NewDatasource(root, apiVersion, userdataUrl, metadataPath)}
+}
+
+func (ms *metadataService) FetchMetadata() ([]byte, error) {
+	data, err := ms.FetchData(ms.MetadataUrl())
+	if err != nil || len(data) == 0 {
+		return []byte{}, err
+	}
+
+	var metadata Metadata
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &metadata); err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, err
+	}
+
+	ms.interfaces = metadata.Interfaces
+	ms.dns = metadata.DNS
+
+	attrs := make(map[string]interface{})
+	if len(metadata.Interfaces.Public) > 0 {
+		if metadata.Interfaces.Public[0].IPv4 != nil {
+			attrs["public-ipv4"] = metadata.Interfaces.Public[0].IPv4.IPAddress
+		}
+		if metadata.Interfaces.Public[0].IPv6 != nil {
+			attrs["public-ipv6"] = metadata.Interfaces.Public[0].IPv6.IPAddress
+		}
+	}
+	if len(metadata.Interfaces.Private) > 0 {
+		if metadata.Interfaces.Private[0].IPv4 != nil {
+			attrs["local-ipv4"] = metadata.Interfaces.Private[0].IPv4.IPAddress
+		}
+		if metadata.Interfaces.Private[0].IPv6 != nil {
+			attrs["local-ipv6"] = metadata.Interfaces.Private[0].IPv6.IPAddress
+		}
+	}
+	attrs["hostname"] = metadata.Hostname
+	keys := make(map[string]string)
+	for i, key := range metadata.PublicKeys {
+		keys[strconv.Itoa(i)] = key
+	}
+	attrs["public_keys"] = keys
+
+	return json.Marshal(attrs)
+}
+
+func (ms metadataService) FetchNetworkConfig(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(Metadata{
+		Interfaces: ms.interfaces,
+		DNS:        ms.dns,
+	})
+}
+
+func (ms metadataService) Type() string {
+	return "digitalocean-metadata-service"
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata/digitalocean/metadata_test.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata/digitalocean/metadata_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package digitalocean
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata/test"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+)
+
+func TestType(t *testing.T) {
+	want := "digitalocean-metadata-service"
+	if kind := (metadataService{}).Type(); kind != want {
+		t.Fatalf("bad type: want %q, got %q", want, kind)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root         string
+		metadataPath string
+		resources    map[string]string
+		expect       []byte
+		clientErr    error
+		expectErr    error
+	}{
+		{
+			root:         "/",
+			metadataPath: "v1.json",
+			resources: map[string]string{
+				"/v1.json": "bad",
+			},
+			expectErr: fmt.Errorf("invalid character 'b' looking for beginning of value"),
+		},
+		{
+			root:         "/",
+			metadataPath: "v1.json",
+			resources: map[string]string{
+				"/v1.json": `{
+  "droplet_id": 1,
+  "user_data": "hello",
+  "vendor_data": "hello",
+  "public_keys": [
+    "publickey1",
+    "publickey2"
+  ],
+  "region": "nyc2",
+  "interfaces": {
+    "public": [
+      {
+        "ipv4": {
+          "ip_address": "192.168.1.2",
+          "netmask": "255.255.255.0",
+          "gateway": "192.168.1.1"
+        },
+        "ipv6": {
+          "ip_address": "fe00::",
+          "cidr": 126,
+          "gateway": "fe00::"
+        },
+        "mac": "ab:cd:ef:gh:ij",
+        "type": "public"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}`,
+			},
+			expect: []byte(`{"hostname":"","public-ipv4":"192.168.1.2","public-ipv6":"fe00::","public_keys":{"0":"publickey1","1":"publickey2"}}`),
+		},
+		{
+			clientErr: pkg.ErrTimeout{fmt.Errorf("test error")},
+			expectErr: pkg.ErrTimeout{fmt.Errorf("test error")},
+		},
+	} {
+		service := &metadataService{
+			MetadataService: metadata.MetadataService{
+				Root:         tt.root,
+				Client:       &test.HttpClient{tt.resources, tt.clientErr},
+				MetadataPath: tt.metadataPath,
+			},
+		}
+		metadata, err := service.FetchMetadata()
+		if Error(err) != Error(tt.expectErr) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad error (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.resources, tt.expectErr, err)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(metadata, tt.expect) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad fetch (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.resources, tt.expect, metadata)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Error(err error) string {
+	if err != nil {
+		return err.Error()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata/ec2/metadata.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata/ec2/metadata.go
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package ec2
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+)
+
+const (
+	DefaultAddress = "http://169.254.169.254/"
+	apiVersion     = "2009-04-04"
+	userdataPath   = apiVersion + "/user-data"
+	metadataPath   = apiVersion + "/meta-data"
+)
+
+type metadataService struct {
+	metadata.MetadataService
+}
+
+func NewDatasource(root string) *metadataService {
+	return &metadataService{metadata.NewDatasource(root, apiVersion, userdataPath, metadataPath)}
+}
+
+func (ms metadataService) FetchMetadata() ([]byte, error) {
+	attrs := make(map[string]interface{})
+	if keynames, err := ms.fetchAttributes(fmt.Sprintf("%s/public-keys", ms.MetadataUrl())); err == nil {
+		keyIDs := make(map[string]string)
+		for _, keyname := range keynames {
+			tokens := strings.SplitN(keyname, "=", 2)
+			if len(tokens) != 2 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed public key: %q", keyname)
+			}
+			keyIDs[tokens[1]] = tokens[0]
+		}
+
+		keys := make(map[string]string)
+		for name, id := range keyIDs {
+			sshkey, err := ms.fetchAttribute(fmt.Sprintf("%s/public-keys/%s/openssh-key", ms.MetadataUrl(), id))
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			keys[name] = sshkey
+			fmt.Printf("Found SSH key for %q\n", name)
+		}
+		attrs["public_keys"] = keys
+	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrNotFound); !ok {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if hostname, err := ms.fetchAttribute(fmt.Sprintf("%s/hostname", ms.MetadataUrl())); err == nil {
+		attrs["hostname"] = hostname
+	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrNotFound); !ok {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if localAddr, err := ms.fetchAttribute(fmt.Sprintf("%s/local-ipv4", ms.MetadataUrl())); err == nil {
+		attrs["local-ipv4"] = localAddr
+	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrNotFound); !ok {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if publicAddr, err := ms.fetchAttribute(fmt.Sprintf("%s/public-ipv4", ms.MetadataUrl())); err == nil {
+		attrs["public-ipv4"] = publicAddr
+	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrNotFound); !ok {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if content_path, err := ms.fetchAttribute(fmt.Sprintf("%s/network_config/content_path", ms.MetadataUrl())); err == nil {
+		attrs["network_config"] = map[string]string{
+			"content_path": content_path,
+		}
+	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrNotFound); !ok {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return json.Marshal(attrs)
+}
+
+func (ms metadataService) Type() string {
+	return "ec2-metadata-service"
+}
+
+func (ms metadataService) fetchAttributes(url string) ([]string, error) {
+	resp, err := ms.FetchData(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewBuffer(resp))
+	data := make([]string, 0)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		data = append(data, scanner.Text())
+	}
+	return data, scanner.Err()
+}
+
+func (ms metadataService) fetchAttribute(url string) (string, error) {
+	if attrs, err := ms.fetchAttributes(url); err == nil && len(attrs) > 0 {
+		return attrs[0], nil
+	} else {
+		return "", err
+	}
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata/ec2/metadata_test.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata/ec2/metadata_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+package ec2
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata/test"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+)
+
+func TestType(t *testing.T) {
+	want := "ec2-metadata-service"
+	if kind := (metadataService{}).Type(); kind != want {
+		t.Fatalf("bad type: want %q, got %q", want, kind)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchAttributes(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, s := range []struct {
+		resources map[string]string
+		err       error
+		tests     []struct {
+			path string
+			val  []string
+		}
+	}{
+		{
+			resources: map[string]string{
+				"/":      "a\nb\nc/",
+				"/c/":    "d\ne/",
+				"/c/e/":  "f",
+				"/a":     "1",
+				"/b":     "2",
+				"/c/d":   "3",
+				"/c/e/f": "4",
+			},
+			tests: []struct {
+				path string
+				val  []string
+			}{
+				{"/", []string{"a", "b", "c/"}},
+				{"/b", []string{"2"}},
+				{"/c/d", []string{"3"}},
+				{"/c/e/", []string{"f"}},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			err: fmt.Errorf("test error"),
+			tests: []struct {
+				path string
+				val  []string
+			}{
+				{"", nil},
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		service := metadataService{metadata.MetadataService{
+			Client: &test.HttpClient{s.resources, s.err},
+		}}
+		for _, tt := range s.tests {
+			attrs, err := service.fetchAttributes(tt.path)
+			if err != s.err {
+				t.Fatalf("bad error for %q (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.path, s.resources, s.err, err)
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(attrs, tt.val) {
+				t.Fatalf("bad fetch for %q (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.path, s.resources, tt.val, attrs)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchAttribute(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, s := range []struct {
+		resources map[string]string
+		err       error
+		tests     []struct {
+			path string
+			val  string
+		}
+	}{
+		{
+			resources: map[string]string{
+				"/":      "a\nb\nc/",
+				"/c/":    "d\ne/",
+				"/c/e/":  "f",
+				"/a":     "1",
+				"/b":     "2",
+				"/c/d":   "3",
+				"/c/e/f": "4",
+			},
+			tests: []struct {
+				path string
+				val  string
+			}{
+				{"/a", "1"},
+				{"/b", "2"},
+				{"/c/d", "3"},
+				{"/c/e/f", "4"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			err: fmt.Errorf("test error"),
+			tests: []struct {
+				path string
+				val  string
+			}{
+				{"", ""},
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		service := metadataService{metadata.MetadataService{
+			Client: &test.HttpClient{s.resources, s.err},
+		}}
+		for _, tt := range s.tests {
+			attr, err := service.fetchAttribute(tt.path)
+			if err != s.err {
+				t.Fatalf("bad error for %q (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.path, s.resources, s.err, err)
+			}
+			if attr != tt.val {
+				t.Fatalf("bad fetch for %q (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.path, s.resources, tt.val, attr)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root         string
+		metadataPath string
+		resources    map[string]string
+		expect       []byte
+		clientErr    error
+		expectErr    error
+	}{
+		{
+			root:         "/",
+			metadataPath: "2009-04-04/meta-data",
+			resources: map[string]string{
+				"/2009-04-04/meta-data/public-keys": "bad\n",
+			},
+			expectErr: fmt.Errorf("malformed public key: \"bad\""),
+		},
+		{
+			root:         "/",
+			metadataPath: "2009-04-04/meta-data",
+			resources: map[string]string{
+				"/2009-04-04/meta-data/hostname":                    "host",
+				"/2009-04-04/meta-data/local-ipv4":                  "1.2.3.4",
+				"/2009-04-04/meta-data/public-ipv4":                 "5.6.7.8",
+				"/2009-04-04/meta-data/public-keys":                 "0=test1\n",
+				"/2009-04-04/meta-data/public-keys/0":               "openssh-key",
+				"/2009-04-04/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key":   "key",
+				"/2009-04-04/meta-data/network_config/content_path": "path",
+			},
+			expect: []byte(`{"hostname":"host","local-ipv4":"1.2.3.4","network_config":{"content_path":"path"},"public-ipv4":"5.6.7.8","public_keys":{"test1":"key"}}`),
+		},
+		{
+			clientErr: pkg.ErrTimeout{fmt.Errorf("test error")},
+			expectErr: pkg.ErrTimeout{fmt.Errorf("test error")},
+		},
+	} {
+		service := &metadataService{metadata.MetadataService{
+			Root:         tt.root,
+			Client:       &test.HttpClient{tt.resources, tt.clientErr},
+			MetadataPath: tt.metadataPath,
+		}}
+		metadata, err := service.FetchMetadata()
+		if Error(err) != Error(tt.expectErr) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad error (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.resources, tt.expectErr, err)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(metadata, tt.expect) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad fetch (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.resources, tt.expect, metadata)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Error(err error) string {
+	if err != nil {
+		return err.Error()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata/metadata.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata/metadata.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package metadata
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+)
+
+type MetadataService struct {
+	Root         string
+	Client       pkg.Getter
+	ApiVersion   string
+	UserdataPath string
+	MetadataPath string
+}
+
+func NewDatasource(root, apiVersion, userdataPath, metadataPath string) MetadataService {
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(root, "/") {
+		root += "/"
+	}
+	return MetadataService{root, pkg.NewHttpClient(), apiVersion, userdataPath, metadataPath}
+}
+
+func (ms MetadataService) IsAvailable() bool {
+	_, err := ms.Client.Get(ms.Root + ms.ApiVersion)
+	return (err == nil)
+}
+
+func (ms MetadataService) AvailabilityChanges() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (ms MetadataService) ConfigRoot() string {
+	return ms.Root
+}
+
+func (ms MetadataService) FetchUserdata() ([]byte, error) {
+	return ms.FetchData(ms.UserdataUrl())
+}
+
+func (ms MetadataService) FetchNetworkConfig(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (ms MetadataService) FetchData(url string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if data, err := ms.Client.GetRetry(url); err == nil {
+		return data, err
+	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrNotFound); ok {
+		return []byte{}, nil
+	} else {
+		return data, err
+	}
+}
+
+func (ms MetadataService) MetadataUrl() string {
+	return (ms.Root + ms.MetadataPath)
+}
+
+func (ms MetadataService) UserdataUrl() string {
+	return (ms.Root + ms.UserdataPath)
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata/metadata_test.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata/metadata_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package metadata
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata/test"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+)
+
+func TestAvailabilityChanges(t *testing.T) {
+	want := true
+	if ac := (MetadataService{}).AvailabilityChanges(); ac != want {
+		t.Fatalf("bad AvailabilityChanges: want %q, got %q", want, ac)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root       string
+		apiVersion string
+		resources  map[string]string
+		expect     bool
+	}{
+		{
+			root:       "/",
+			apiVersion: "2009-04-04",
+			resources: map[string]string{
+				"/2009-04-04": "",
+			},
+			expect: true,
+		},
+		{
+			root:      "/",
+			resources: map[string]string{},
+			expect:    false,
+		},
+	} {
+		service := &MetadataService{
+			Root:       tt.root,
+			Client:     &test.HttpClient{tt.resources, nil},
+			ApiVersion: tt.apiVersion,
+		}
+		if a := service.IsAvailable(); a != tt.expect {
+			t.Fatalf("bad isAvailable (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.resources, tt.expect, a)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchUserdata(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root         string
+		userdataPath string
+		resources    map[string]string
+		userdata     []byte
+		clientErr    error
+		expectErr    error
+	}{
+		{
+			root:         "/",
+			userdataPath: "2009-04-04/user-data",
+			resources: map[string]string{
+				"/2009-04-04/user-data": "hello",
+			},
+			userdata: []byte("hello"),
+		},
+		{
+			root:      "/",
+			clientErr: pkg.ErrNotFound{fmt.Errorf("test not found error")},
+			userdata:  []byte{},
+		},
+		{
+			root:      "/",
+			clientErr: pkg.ErrTimeout{fmt.Errorf("test timeout error")},
+			expectErr: pkg.ErrTimeout{fmt.Errorf("test timeout error")},
+		},
+	} {
+		service := &MetadataService{
+			Root:         tt.root,
+			Client:       &test.HttpClient{tt.resources, tt.clientErr},
+			UserdataPath: tt.userdataPath,
+		}
+		data, err := service.FetchUserdata()
+		if Error(err) != Error(tt.expectErr) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad error (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.resources, tt.expectErr, err)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(data, tt.userdata) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad userdata (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.resources, tt.userdata, data)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUrls(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root         string
+		userdataPath string
+		metadataPath string
+		expectRoot   string
+		userdata     string
+		metadata     string
+	}{
+		{
+			root:         "/",
+			userdataPath: "2009-04-04/user-data",
+			metadataPath: "2009-04-04/meta-data",
+			expectRoot:   "/",
+			userdata:     "/2009-04-04/user-data",
+			metadata:     "/2009-04-04/meta-data",
+		},
+		{
+			root:         "http://169.254.169.254/",
+			userdataPath: "2009-04-04/user-data",
+			metadataPath: "2009-04-04/meta-data",
+			expectRoot:   "http://169.254.169.254/",
+			userdata:     "http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/user-data",
+			metadata:     "http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data",
+		},
+	} {
+		service := &MetadataService{
+			Root:         tt.root,
+			UserdataPath: tt.userdataPath,
+			MetadataPath: tt.metadataPath,
+		}
+		if url := service.UserdataUrl(); url != tt.userdata {
+			t.Fatalf("bad url (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.root, tt.userdata, url)
+		}
+		if url := service.MetadataUrl(); url != tt.metadata {
+			t.Fatalf("bad url (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.root, tt.metadata, url)
+		}
+		if url := service.ConfigRoot(); url != tt.expectRoot {
+			t.Fatalf("bad url (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.root, tt.expectRoot, url)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewDatasource(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		root       string
+		expectRoot string
+	}{
+		{
+			root:       "",
+			expectRoot: "/",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "/",
+			expectRoot: "/",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "http://169.254.169.254",
+			expectRoot: "http://169.254.169.254/",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "http://169.254.169.254/",
+			expectRoot: "http://169.254.169.254/",
+		},
+	} {
+		service := NewDatasource(tt.root, "", "", "")
+		if service.Root != tt.expectRoot {
+			t.Fatalf("bad root (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.root, tt.expectRoot, service.Root)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Error(err error) string {
+	if err != nil {
+		return err.Error()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata/test/test.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata/test/test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+)
+
+type HttpClient struct {
+	Resources map[string]string
+	Err       error
+}
+
+func (t *HttpClient) GetRetry(url string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if t.Err != nil {
+		return nil, t.Err
+	}
+	if val, ok := t.Resources[url]; ok {
+		return []byte(val), nil
+	} else {
+		return nil, pkg.ErrNotFound{fmt.Errorf("not found: %q", url)}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *HttpClient) Get(url string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return t.GetRetry(url)
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata_service.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata_service.go
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-package datasource
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
-)
-
-// metadataService retrieves metadata from either an OpenStack[1] (2012-08-10)
-// or EC2[2] (2009-04-04) compatible endpoint. It will first attempt to
-// directly retrieve a JSON blob from the OpenStack endpoint. If that fails
-// with a 404, it then attempts to retrieve metadata bit-by-bit from the EC2
-// endpoint, and populates that into an equivalent JSON blob. metadataService
-// also checks for userdata from EC2 and, if that fails with a 404, OpenStack.
-//
-// [1] http://docs.openstack.org/grizzly/openstack-compute/admin/content/metadata-service.html
-// [2] http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/AESDG-chapter-instancedata.html#instancedata-data-categories
-
-const (
-	BaseUrl              = "http://169.254.169.254/"
-	Ec2ApiVersion        = "2009-04-04"
-	Ec2UserdataUrl       = BaseUrl + Ec2ApiVersion + "/user-data"
-	Ec2MetadataUrl       = BaseUrl + Ec2ApiVersion + "/meta-data"
-	OpenstackApiVersion  = "openstack/2012-08-10"
-	OpenstackUserdataUrl = BaseUrl + OpenstackApiVersion + "/user_data"
-	OpenstackMetadataUrl = BaseUrl + OpenstackApiVersion + "/meta_data.json"
-)
-
-type metadataService struct{}
-
-type getter interface {
-	GetRetry(string) ([]byte, error)
-}
-
-func NewMetadataService() *metadataService {
-	return &metadataService{}
-}
-
-func (ms *metadataService) IsAvailable() bool {
-	client := pkg.NewHttpClient()
-	_, err := client.Get(BaseUrl)
-	return (err == nil)
-}
-
-func (ms *metadataService) AvailabilityChanges() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (ms *metadataService) ConfigRoot() string {
-	return ""
-}
-
-func (ms *metadataService) FetchMetadata() ([]byte, error) {
-	return fetchMetadata(pkg.NewHttpClient())
-}
-
-func (ms *metadataService) FetchUserdata() ([]byte, error) {
-	client := pkg.NewHttpClient()
-	if data, err := client.GetRetry(Ec2UserdataUrl); err == nil {
-		return data, err
-	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrTimeout); ok {
-		return data, err
-	}
-	return client.GetRetry(OpenstackUserdataUrl)
-}
-
-func (ms *metadataService) Type() string {
-	return "metadata-service"
-}
-
-func fetchMetadata(client getter) ([]byte, error) {
-	if metadata, err := client.GetRetry(OpenstackMetadataUrl); err == nil {
-		return metadata, nil
-	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrTimeout); ok {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	attrs := make(map[string]interface{})
-	if keynames, err := fetchAttributes(client, fmt.Sprintf("%s/public-keys", Ec2MetadataUrl)); err == nil {
-		keyIDs := make(map[string]string)
-		for _, keyname := range keynames {
-			tokens := strings.SplitN(keyname, "=", 2)
-			if len(tokens) != 2 {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed public key: %q\n", keyname)
-			}
-			keyIDs[tokens[1]] = tokens[0]
-		}
-
-		keys := make(map[string]string)
-		for name, id := range keyIDs {
-			sshkey, err := fetchAttribute(client, fmt.Sprintf("%s/public-keys/%s/openssh-key", Ec2MetadataUrl, id))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			keys[name] = sshkey
-			fmt.Printf("Found SSH key for %q\n", name)
-		}
-		attrs["public_keys"] = keys
-	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrNotFound); !ok {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if hostname, err := fetchAttribute(client, fmt.Sprintf("%s/hostname", Ec2MetadataUrl)); err == nil {
-		attrs["hostname"] = hostname
-	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrNotFound); !ok {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if content_path, err := fetchAttribute(client, fmt.Sprintf("%s/network_config/content_path", Ec2MetadataUrl)); err == nil {
-		attrs["network_config"] = map[string]string{
-			"content_path": content_path,
-		}
-	} else if _, ok := err.(pkg.ErrNotFound); !ok {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return json.Marshal(attrs)
-}
-
-func fetchAttributes(client getter, url string) ([]string, error) {
-	resp, err := client.GetRetry(url)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewBuffer(resp))
-	data := make([]string, 0)
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		data = append(data, scanner.Text())
-	}
-	return data, scanner.Err()
-}
-
-func fetchAttribute(client getter, url string) (string, error) {
-	if attrs, err := fetchAttributes(client, url); err == nil && len(attrs) > 0 {
-		return attrs[0], nil
-	} else {
-		return "", err
-	}
-}
--- a/datasource/metadata_service_test.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata_service_test.go
@@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
-package datasource
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
-)
-
-type TestHttpClient struct {
-	metadata map[string]string
-	err      error
-}
-
-func (t *TestHttpClient) GetRetry(url string) ([]byte, error) {
-	if t.err != nil {
-		return nil, t.err
-	}
-	if val, ok := t.metadata[url]; ok {
-		return []byte(val), nil
-	} else {
-		return nil, pkg.ErrNotFound{fmt.Errorf("not found: %q", url)}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFetchAttributes(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, s := range []struct {
-		metadata map[string]string
-		err      error
-		tests    []struct {
-			path string
-			val  []string
-		}
-	}{
-		{
-			metadata: map[string]string{
-				"/":      "a\nb\nc/",
-				"/c/":    "d\ne/",
-				"/c/e/":  "f",
-				"/a":     "1",
-				"/b":     "2",
-				"/c/d":   "3",
-				"/c/e/f": "4",
-			},
-			tests: []struct {
-				path string
-				val  []string
-			}{
-				{"/", []string{"a", "b", "c/"}},
-				{"/b", []string{"2"}},
-				{"/c/d", []string{"3"}},
-				{"/c/e/", []string{"f"}},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			err: pkg.ErrNotFound{fmt.Errorf("test error")},
-			tests: []struct {
-				path string
-				val  []string
-			}{
-				{"", nil},
-			},
-		},
-	} {
-		client := &TestHttpClient{s.metadata, s.err}
-		for _, tt := range s.tests {
-			attrs, err := fetchAttributes(client, tt.path)
-			if err != s.err {
-				t.Fatalf("bad error for %q (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.path, s.metadata, s.err, err)
-			}
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(attrs, tt.val) {
-				t.Fatalf("bad fetch for %q (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.path, s.metadata, tt.val, attrs)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFetchAttribute(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, s := range []struct {
-		metadata map[string]string
-		err      error
-		tests    []struct {
-			path string
-			val  string
-		}
-	}{
-		{
-			metadata: map[string]string{
-				"/":      "a\nb\nc/",
-				"/c/":    "d\ne/",
-				"/c/e/":  "f",
-				"/a":     "1",
-				"/b":     "2",
-				"/c/d":   "3",
-				"/c/e/f": "4",
-			},
-			tests: []struct {
-				path string
-				val  string
-			}{
-				{"/a", "1"},
-				{"/b", "2"},
-				{"/c/d", "3"},
-				{"/c/e/f", "4"},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			err: pkg.ErrNotFound{fmt.Errorf("test error")},
-			tests: []struct {
-				path string
-				val  string
-			}{
-				{"", ""},
-			},
-		},
-	} {
-		client := &TestHttpClient{s.metadata, s.err}
-		for _, tt := range s.tests {
-			attr, err := fetchAttribute(client, tt.path)
-			if err != s.err {
-				t.Fatalf("bad error for %q (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.path, s.metadata, s.err, err)
-			}
-			if attr != tt.val {
-				t.Fatalf("bad fetch for %q (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.path, s.metadata, tt.val, attr)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFetchMetadata(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, tt := range []struct {
-		metadata map[string]string
-		err      error
-		expect   []byte
-	}{
-		{
-			metadata: map[string]string{
-				"http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/hostname":                    "host",
-				"http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/public-keys":                 "0=test1\n",
-				"http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/public-keys/0":               "openssh-key",
-				"http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key":   "key",
-				"http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/network_config/content_path": "path",
-			},
-			expect: []byte(`{"hostname":"host","network_config":{"content_path":"path"},"public_keys":{"test1":"key"}}`),
-		},
-		{
-			metadata: map[string]string{
-				"http://169.254.169.254/openstack/2012-08-10/meta_data.json": "test",
-			},
-			expect: []byte("test"),
-		},
-		{err: pkg.ErrTimeout{fmt.Errorf("test error")}},
-	} {
-		client := &TestHttpClient{tt.metadata, tt.err}
-		metadata, err := fetchMetadata(client)
-		if err != tt.err {
-			t.Fatalf("bad error (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.metadata, tt.err, err)
-		}
-		if !bytes.Equal(metadata, tt.expect) {
-			t.Fatalf("bad fetch (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.metadata, tt.expect, metadata)
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/datasource/proc_cmdline/proc_cmdline.go
+++ b/datasource/proc_cmdline/proc_cmdline.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package datasource
+package proc_cmdline

 import (
 	"errors"
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type procCmdline struct {
 	Location string
 }

-func NewProcCmdline() *procCmdline {
+func NewDatasource() *procCmdline {
 	return &procCmdline{Location: ProcCmdlineLocation}
 }

@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ func (c *procCmdline) FetchUserdata() ([]byte, error) {
 	return cfg, nil
 }

+func (c *procCmdline) FetchNetworkConfig(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 func (c *procCmdline) Type() string {
 	return "proc-cmdline"
 }
--- a/datasource/proc_cmdline/proc_cmdline_test.go
+++ b/datasource/proc_cmdline/proc_cmdline_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package datasource
+package proc_cmdline

 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func TestProcCmdlineAndFetchConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Test produced error: %v", err)
 	}

-	p := NewProcCmdline()
+	p := NewDatasource()
 	p.Location = file.Name()
 	cfg, err := p.FetchUserdata()
 	if err != nil {
--- a/datasource/url/url.go
+++ b/datasource/url/url.go
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-package datasource
+package url

-import "github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+import (
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+)

 type remoteFile struct {
 	url string
 }

-func NewRemoteFile(url string) *remoteFile {
+func NewDatasource(url string) *remoteFile {
 	return &remoteFile{url}
 }

@@ -33,6 +35,10 @@ func (f *remoteFile) FetchUserdata() ([]byte, error) {
 	return client.GetRetry(f.url)
 }

+func (f *remoteFile) FetchNetworkConfig(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 func (f *remoteFile) Type() string {
 	return "url"
 }
--- a/initialize/config.go
+++ b/initialize/config.go
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ package initialize
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"path"

-	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/gopkg.in/yaml.v1"

 	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/network"
 	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
@@ -42,6 +41,7 @@ type CloudConfig struct {
 	Users             []system.User
 	ManageEtcHosts    EtcHosts `yaml:"manage_etc_hosts"`
 	NetworkConfigPath string
+	NetworkConfig     string
 }

 type warner func(format string, v ...interface{})
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ type warner func(format string, v ...interface{})
 func warnOnUnrecognizedKeys(contents string, warn warner) {
 	// Generate a map of all understood cloud config options
 	var cc map[string]interface{}
-	b, _ := goyaml.Marshal(&CloudConfig{})
-	goyaml.Unmarshal(b, &cc)
+	b, _ := yaml.Marshal(&CloudConfig{})
+	yaml.Unmarshal(b, &cc)

 	// Now unmarshal the entire provided contents
 	var c map[string]interface{}
-	goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte(contents), &c)
+	yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(contents), &c)

 	// Check that every key in the contents exists in the cloud config
 	for k, _ := range c {
@@ -66,52 +66,63 @@ func warnOnUnrecognizedKeys(contents string, warn warner) {
 	}

 	// Check for unrecognized coreos options, if any are set
-	coreos, ok := c["coreos"]
-	if ok {
-		set := coreos.(map[interface{}]interface{})
+	if coreos, ok := c["coreos"]; ok {
+		if set, ok := coreos.(map[interface{}]interface{}); ok {
 			known := cc["coreos"].(map[interface{}]interface{})
 			for k, _ := range set {
-			key := k.(string)
+				if key, ok := k.(string); ok {
 					if _, ok := known[key]; !ok {
 						warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in coreos section of provided cloud config - ignoring", key)
 					}
+				} else {
+					warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in coreos section of provided cloud config - ignoring", k)
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}

 	// Check for any badly-specified users, if any are set
-	users, ok := c["users"]
-	if ok {
+	if users, ok := c["users"]; ok {
 		var known map[string]interface{}
-		b, _ := goyaml.Marshal(&system.User{})
-		goyaml.Unmarshal(b, &known)
+		b, _ := yaml.Marshal(&system.User{})
+		yaml.Unmarshal(b, &known)

-		set := users.([]interface{})
+		if set, ok := users.([]interface{}); ok {
 			for _, u := range set {
-			user := u.(map[interface{}]interface{})
+				if user, ok := u.(map[interface{}]interface{}); ok {
 					for k, _ := range user {
-				key := k.(string)
+						if key, ok := k.(string); ok {
 							if _, ok := known[key]; !ok {
 								warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in user section of cloud config - ignoring", key)
 							}
+						} else {
+							warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in user section of cloud config - ignoring", k)
+						}
+					}
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}

 	// Check for any badly-specified files, if any are set
-	files, ok := c["write_files"]
-	if ok {
+	if files, ok := c["write_files"]; ok {
 		var known map[string]interface{}
-		b, _ := goyaml.Marshal(&system.File{})
-		goyaml.Unmarshal(b, &known)
+		b, _ := yaml.Marshal(&system.File{})
+		yaml.Unmarshal(b, &known)

-		set := files.([]interface{})
+		if set, ok := files.([]interface{}); ok {
 			for _, f := range set {
-			file := f.(map[interface{}]interface{})
+				if file, ok := f.(map[interface{}]interface{}); ok {
 					for k, _ := range file {
-				key := k.(string)
+						if key, ok := k.(string); ok {
 							if _, ok := known[key]; !ok {
 								warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in file section of cloud config - ignoring", key)
 							}
+						} else {
+							warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in file section of cloud config - ignoring", k)
+						}
+					}
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -122,7 +133,7 @@ func warnOnUnrecognizedKeys(contents string, warn warner) {
 // fields but log encountering them.
 func NewCloudConfig(contents string) (*CloudConfig, error) {
 	var cfg CloudConfig
-	err := goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte(contents), &cfg)
+	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(contents), &cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return &cfg, err
 	}
@@ -131,7 +142,7 @@ func NewCloudConfig(contents string) (*CloudConfig, error) {
 }

 func (cc CloudConfig) String() string {
-	bytes, err := goyaml.Marshal(cc)
+	bytes, err := yaml.Marshal(cc)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -223,24 +234,37 @@ func Apply(cfg CloudConfig, env *Environment) error {
 		cfg.Coreos.Units = append(cfg.Coreos.Units, u...)
 	}

+	wroteEnvironment := false
 	for _, file := range cfg.WriteFiles {
-		path, err := system.WriteFile(&file, env.Root())
+		fullPath, err := system.WriteFile(&file, env.Root())
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		log.Printf("Wrote file %s to filesystem", path)
+		if path.Clean(file.Path) == "/etc/environment" {
+			wroteEnvironment = true
+		}
+		log.Printf("Wrote file %s to filesystem", fullPath)
+	}
+
+	if !wroteEnvironment {
+		ef := env.DefaultEnvironmentFile()
+		if ef != nil {
+			err := system.WriteEnvFile(ef, env.Root())
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			log.Printf("Updated /etc/environment")
+		}
 	}

 	if env.NetconfType() != "" {
-		netconfBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(env.ConfigRoot(), cfg.NetworkConfigPath))
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
 		var interfaces []network.InterfaceGenerator
+		var err error
 		switch env.NetconfType() {
 		case "debian":
-			interfaces, err = network.ProcessDebianNetconf(string(netconfBytes))
+			interfaces, err = network.ProcessDebianNetconf(cfg.NetworkConfig)
+		case "digitalocean":
+			interfaces, err = network.ProcessDigitalOceanNetconf(cfg.NetworkConfig)
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("Unsupported network config format %q", env.NetconfType())
 		}
@@ -257,13 +281,27 @@ func Apply(cfg CloudConfig, env *Environment) error {
 		}
 	}

-	commands := make(map[string]string, 0)
+	um := system.NewUnitManager(env.Root())
+	return processUnits(cfg.Coreos.Units, env.Root(), um)
+
+}
+
+// processUnits takes a set of Units and applies them to the given root using
+// the given UnitManager. This can involve things like writing unit files to
+// disk, masking/unmasking units, or invoking systemd
+// commands against units. It returns any error encountered.
+func processUnits(units []system.Unit, root string, um system.UnitManager) error {
+	type action struct {
+		unit    string
+		command string
+	}
+	actions := make([]action, 0, len(units))
 	reload := false
-	for _, unit := range cfg.Coreos.Units {
-		dst := unit.Destination(env.Root())
+	for _, unit := range units {
+		dst := unit.Destination(root)
 		if unit.Content != "" {
 			log.Printf("Writing unit %s to filesystem at path %s", unit.Name, dst)
-			if err := system.PlaceUnit(&unit, dst); err != nil {
+			if err := um.PlaceUnit(&unit, dst); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			log.Printf("Placed unit %s at %s", unit.Name, dst)
@@ -272,12 +310,12 @@ func Apply(cfg CloudConfig, env *Environment) error {

 		if unit.Mask {
 			log.Printf("Masking unit file %s", unit.Name)
-			if err := system.MaskUnit(&unit, env.Root()); err != nil {
+			if err := um.MaskUnit(&unit); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		} else if unit.Runtime {
 			log.Printf("Ensuring runtime unit file %s is unmasked", unit.Name)
-			if err := system.UnmaskUnit(&unit, env.Root()); err != nil {
+			if err := um.UnmaskUnit(&unit); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
@@ -285,7 +323,7 @@ func Apply(cfg CloudConfig, env *Environment) error {
 		if unit.Enable {
 			if unit.Group() != "network" {
 				log.Printf("Enabling unit file %s", unit.Name)
-				if err := system.EnableUnitFile(unit.Name, unit.Runtime); err != nil {
+				if err := um.EnableUnitFile(unit.Name, unit.Runtime); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
 				log.Printf("Enabled unit %s", unit.Name)
@@ -295,25 +333,25 @@ func Apply(cfg CloudConfig, env *Environment) error {
 		}

 		if unit.Group() == "network" {
-			commands["systemd-networkd.service"] = "restart"
+			actions = append(actions, action{"systemd-networkd.service", "restart"})
 		} else if unit.Command != "" {
-			commands[unit.Name] = unit.Command
+			actions = append(actions, action{unit.Name, unit.Command})
 		}
 	}

 	if reload {
-		if err := system.DaemonReload(); err != nil {
+		if err := um.DaemonReload(); err != nil {
 			return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("failed systemd daemon-reload: %v", err))
 		}
 	}

-	for unit, command := range commands {
-		log.Printf("Calling unit command '%s %s'", command, unit)
-		res, err := system.RunUnitCommand(command, unit)
+	for _, action := range actions {
+		log.Printf("Calling unit command '%s %s'", action.command, action.unit)
+		res, err := um.RunUnitCommand(action.command, action.unit)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		log.Printf("Result of '%s %s': %s", command, unit, res)
+		log.Printf("Result of '%s %s': %s", action.command, action.unit, res)
 	}

 	return nil
--- a/initialize/config_test.go
+++ b/initialize/config_test.go
@@ -4,8 +4,38 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
 )

+func TestCloudConfigInvalidKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("panic while instantiating CloudConfig with nil keys: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		contents string
+	}{
+		{"coreos:"},
+		{"ssh_authorized_keys:"},
+		{"ssh_authorized_keys:\n  -"},
+		{"ssh_authorized_keys:\n  - 0:"},
+		{"write_files:"},
+		{"write_files:\n  -"},
+		{"write_files:\n  - 0:"},
+		{"users:"},
+		{"users:\n  -"},
+		{"users:\n  - 0:"},
+	} {
+		_, err := NewCloudConfig(tt.contents)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("error instantiating CloudConfig with invalid keys: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCloudConfigUnknownKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	contents := `
 coreos: 
@@ -332,3 +362,109 @@ users:
 		t.Errorf("Failed to parse no-log-init field")
 	}
 }
+
+type TestUnitManager struct {
+	placed   []string
+	enabled  []string
+	masked   []string
+	unmasked []string
+	commands map[string]string
+	reload   bool
+}
+
+func (tum *TestUnitManager) PlaceUnit(unit *system.Unit, dst string) error {
+	tum.placed = append(tum.placed, unit.Name)
+	return nil
+}
+func (tum *TestUnitManager) EnableUnitFile(unit string, runtime bool) error {
+	tum.enabled = append(tum.enabled, unit)
+	return nil
+}
+func (tum *TestUnitManager) RunUnitCommand(command, unit string) (string, error) {
+	tum.commands = make(map[string]string)
+	tum.commands[unit] = command
+	return "", nil
+}
+func (tum *TestUnitManager) DaemonReload() error {
+	tum.reload = true
+	return nil
+}
+func (tum *TestUnitManager) MaskUnit(unit *system.Unit) error {
+	tum.masked = append(tum.masked, unit.Name)
+	return nil
+}
+func (tum *TestUnitManager) UnmaskUnit(unit *system.Unit) error {
+	tum.unmasked = append(tum.unmasked, unit.Name)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestProcessUnits(t *testing.T) {
+	tum := &TestUnitManager{}
+	units := []system.Unit{
+		system.Unit{
+			Name: "foo",
+			Mask: true,
+		},
+	}
+	if err := processUnits(units, "", tum); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error calling processUnits: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(tum.masked) != 1 || tum.masked[0] != "foo" {
+		t.Errorf("expected foo to be masked, but found %v", tum.masked)
+	}
+
+	tum = &TestUnitManager{}
+	units = []system.Unit{
+		system.Unit{
+			Name: "bar.network",
+		},
+	}
+	if err := processUnits(units, "", tum); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error calling processUnits: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := tum.commands["systemd-networkd.service"]; !ok {
+		t.Errorf("expected systemd-networkd.service to be reloaded!")
+	}
+
+	tum = &TestUnitManager{}
+	units = []system.Unit{
+		system.Unit{
+			Name:    "baz.service",
+			Content: "[Service]\nExecStart=/bin/true",
+		},
+	}
+	if err := processUnits(units, "", tum); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error calling processUnits: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(tum.placed) != 1 || tum.placed[0] != "baz.service" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected baz.service to be written, but got %v", tum.placed)
+	}
+
+	tum = &TestUnitManager{}
+	units = []system.Unit{
+		system.Unit{
+			Name:    "locksmithd.service",
+			Runtime: true,
+		},
+	}
+	if err := processUnits(units, "", tum); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error calling processUnits: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(tum.unmasked) != 1 || tum.unmasked[0] != "locksmithd.service" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected locksmithd.service to be unmasked, but got %v", tum.unmasked)
+	}
+
+	tum = &TestUnitManager{}
+	units = []system.Unit{
+		system.Unit{
+			Name:   "woof",
+			Enable: true,
+		},
+	}
+	if err := processUnits(units, "", tum); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error calling processUnits: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(tum.enabled) != 1 || tum.enabled[0] != "woof" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected woof to be enabled, but got %v", tum.enabled)
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/env.go
+++ b/initialize/env.go
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ package initialize
 import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
 )

 const DefaultSSHKeyName = "coreos-cloudinit"
@@ -26,6 +29,8 @@ func NewEnvironment(root, configRoot, workspace, netconfType, sshKeyName string,
 	for k, v := range map[string]string{
 		"$public_ipv4":  os.Getenv("COREOS_PUBLIC_IPV4"),
 		"$private_ipv4": os.Getenv("COREOS_PRIVATE_IPV4"),
+		"$public_ipv6":  os.Getenv("COREOS_PUBLIC_IPV6"),
+		"$private_ipv6": os.Getenv("COREOS_PRIVATE_IPV6"),
 	} {
 		if _, ok := substitutions[k]; !ok {
 			substitutions[k] = v
@@ -58,13 +63,48 @@ func (e *Environment) SetSSHKeyName(name string) {
 	e.sshKeyName = name
 }

+// Apply goes through the map of substitutions and replaces all instances of
+// the keys with their respective values. It supports escaping substitutions
+// with a leading '\'.
 func (e *Environment) Apply(data string) string {
 	for key, val := range e.substitutions {
-		data = strings.Replace(data, key, val, -1)
+		matchKey := strings.Replace(key, `$`, `\$`, -1)
+		replKey := strings.Replace(key, `$`, `$$`, -1)
+
+		// "key" -> "val"
+		data = regexp.MustCompile(`([^\\]|^)`+matchKey).ReplaceAllString(data, `${1}`+val)
+		// "\key" -> "key"
+		data = regexp.MustCompile(`\\`+matchKey).ReplaceAllString(data, replKey)
 	}
 	return data
 }

+func (e *Environment) DefaultEnvironmentFile() *system.EnvFile {
+	ef := system.EnvFile{
+		File: &system.File{
+			Path: "/etc/environment",
+		},
+		Vars: map[string]string{},
+	}
+	if ip, ok := e.substitutions["$public_ipv4"]; ok && len(ip) > 0 {
+		ef.Vars["COREOS_PUBLIC_IPV4"] = ip
+	}
+	if ip, ok := e.substitutions["$private_ipv4"]; ok && len(ip) > 0 {
+		ef.Vars["COREOS_PRIVATE_IPV4"] = ip
+	}
+	if ip, ok := e.substitutions["$public_ipv6"]; ok && len(ip) > 0 {
+		ef.Vars["COREOS_PUBLIC_IPV6"] = ip
+	}
+	if ip, ok := e.substitutions["$private_ipv6"]; ok && len(ip) > 0 {
+		ef.Vars["COREOS_PRIVATE_IPV6"] = ip
+	}
+	if len(ef.Vars) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	} else {
+		return &ef
+	}
+}
+
 // normalizeSvcEnv standardizes the keys of the map (environment variables for a service)
 // by replacing any dashes with underscores and ensuring they are entirely upper case.
 // For example, "some-env" --> "SOME_ENV"
--- a/initialize/env_test.go
+++ b/initialize/env_test.go
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 package initialize

 import (
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
+	"path"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
 )

 func TestEnvironmentApply(t *testing.T) {
 	os.Setenv("COREOS_PUBLIC_IPV4", "1.2.3.4")
 	os.Setenv("COREOS_PRIVATE_IPV4", "5.6.7.8")
+	os.Setenv("COREOS_PUBLIC_IPV6", "1234::")
+	os.Setenv("COREOS_PRIVATE_IPV6", "5678::")
 	for _, tt := range []struct {
 		subs  map[string]string
 		input string
@@ -19,14 +25,16 @@ func TestEnvironmentApply(t *testing.T) {
 			map[string]string{
 				"$public_ipv4":  "192.0.2.3",
 				"$private_ipv4": "192.0.2.203",
+				"$public_ipv6":  "fe00:1234::",
+				"$private_ipv6": "fe00:5678::",
 			},
 			`[Service]
-ExecStart=/usr/bin/echo "$public_ipv4"
-ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo $private_ipv4
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/echo "$public_ipv4 $public_ipv6"
+ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo $private_ipv4 $private_ipv6
 ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo $unknown`,
 			`[Service]
-ExecStart=/usr/bin/echo "192.0.2.3"
-ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo 192.0.2.203
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/echo "192.0.2.3 fe00:1234::"
+ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo 192.0.2.203 fe00:5678::
 ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo $unknown`,
 		},
 		{
@@ -47,6 +55,24 @@ ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo $unknown`,
 			"$private_ipv4\nfoobar",
 			"5.6.7.8\nfoobar",
 		},
+		{
+			// Escaping substitutions
+			map[string]string{"$private_ipv4": "127.0.0.1"},
+			`\$private_ipv4
+$private_ipv4
+addr: \$private_ipv4
+\\$private_ipv4`,
+			`$private_ipv4
+127.0.0.1
+addr: $private_ipv4
+\$private_ipv4`,
+		},
+		{
+			// No substitutions with escaping
+			nil,
+			"\\$test\n$test",
+			"\\$test\n$test",
+		},
 	} {

 		env := NewEnvironment("./", "./", "./", "", "", tt.subs)
@@ -56,3 +82,51 @@ ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo $unknown`,
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestEnvironmentFile(t *testing.T) {
+	subs := map[string]string{
+		"$public_ipv4":  "1.2.3.4",
+		"$private_ipv4": "5.6.7.8",
+		"$public_ipv6":  "1234::",
+		"$private_ipv6": "5678::",
+	}
+	expect := "COREOS_PRIVATE_IPV4=5.6.7.8\nCOREOS_PRIVATE_IPV6=5678::\nCOREOS_PUBLIC_IPV4=1.2.3.4\nCOREOS_PUBLIC_IPV6=1234::\n"
+
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	env := NewEnvironment("./", "./", "./", "", "", subs)
+	ef := env.DefaultEnvironmentFile()
+	err = system.WriteEnvFile(ef, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteEnvFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "etc", "environment")
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(contents) != expect {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents: %q", contents)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnvironmentFileNil(t *testing.T) {
+	subs := map[string]string{
+		"$public_ipv4":  "",
+		"$private_ipv4": "",
+		"$public_ipv6":  "",
+		"$private_ipv6": "",
+	}
+
+	env := NewEnvironment("./", "./", "./", "", "", subs)
+	ef := env.DefaultEnvironmentFile()
+	if ef != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Environment file not nil: %v", ef)
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/etcd.go
+++ b/initialize/etcd.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func (ee EtcdEnvironment) String() (out string) {
 // Units creates a Unit file drop-in for etcd, using any configured
 // options and adding a default MachineID if unset.
 func (ee EtcdEnvironment) Units(root string) ([]system.Unit, error) {
-	if ee == nil {
+	if len(ee) < 1 {
 		return nil, nil
 	}

--- a/initialize/etcd_test.go
+++ b/initialize/etcd_test.go
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ func TestEtcdEnvironmentWrittenToDisk(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

+	sd := system.NewUnitManager(dir)
+
 	uu, err := ee.Units(dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Generating etcd unit failed: %v", err)
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ func TestEtcdEnvironmentWrittenToDisk(t *testing.T) {

 	dst := u.Destination(dir)
 	os.Stderr.WriteString("writing to " + dir + "\n")
-	if err := system.PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
+	if err := sd.PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Writing of EtcdEnvironment failed: %v", err)
 	}

@@ -111,14 +113,27 @@ Environment="ETCD_PEER_BIND_ADDR=127.0.0.1:7002"
 	}
 }

-func TestEtcdEnvironmentWrittenToDiskDefaultToMachineID(t *testing.T) {
+func TestEtcdEnvironmentEmptyNoOp(t *testing.T) {
 	ee := EtcdEnvironment{}
+	uu, err := ee.Units("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(uu) > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Generated etcd units unexpectedly: %v")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEtcdEnvironmentWrittenToDiskDefaultToMachineID(t *testing.T) {
+	ee := EtcdEnvironment{"foo": "bar"}
 	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

+	sd := system.NewUnitManager(dir)
+
 	os.Mkdir(path.Join(dir, "etc"), os.FileMode(0755))
 	err = ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(dir, "etc", "machine-id"), []byte("node007"), os.FileMode(0444))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -136,7 +151,7 @@ func TestEtcdEnvironmentWrittenToDiskDefaultToMachineID(t *testing.T) {

 	dst := u.Destination(dir)
 	os.Stderr.WriteString("writing to " + dir + "\n")
-	if err := system.PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
+	if err := sd.PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Writing of EtcdEnvironment failed: %v", err)
 	}

@@ -148,6 +163,7 @@ func TestEtcdEnvironmentWrittenToDiskDefaultToMachineID(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	expect := `[Service]
+Environment="ETCD_FOO=bar"
 Environment="ETCD_NAME=node007"
 `
 	if string(contents) != expect {
--- a/initialize/meta_data.go
+++ b/initialize/meta_data.go
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package initialize

-import "encoding/json"
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"sort"
+)

-// ParseMetaData parses a JSON blob in the OpenStack metadata service format, and
-// converts it to a partially hydrated CloudConfig
+// ParseMetaData parses a JSON blob in the OpenStack metadata service format,
+// and converts it to a partially hydrated CloudConfig.
 func ParseMetaData(contents string) (*CloudConfig, error) {
 	if len(contents) == 0 {
 		return nil, nil
@@ -22,8 +25,8 @@ func ParseMetaData(contents string) (*CloudConfig, error) {
 	var cfg CloudConfig
 	if len(metadata.SSHAuthorizedKeyMap) > 0 {
 		cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys = make([]string, 0, len(metadata.SSHAuthorizedKeyMap))
-		for _, key := range metadata.SSHAuthorizedKeyMap {
-			cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys = append(cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys, key)
+		for _, name := range sortedKeys(metadata.SSHAuthorizedKeyMap) {
+			cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys = append(cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys, metadata.SSHAuthorizedKeyMap[name])
 		}
 	}
 	cfg.Hostname = metadata.Hostname
@@ -31,22 +34,39 @@ func ParseMetaData(contents string) (*CloudConfig, error) {
 	return &cfg, nil
 }

-// ExtractIPsFromMetaData parses a JSON blob in the OpenStack metadata service format,
-// and returns a substitution map possibly containing private_ipv4 and public_ipv4 addresses
+// ExtractIPsFromMetaData parses a JSON blob in the OpenStack metadata service
+// format and returns a substitution map possibly containing private_ipv4,
+// public_ipv4, private_ipv6, and public_ipv6 addresses.
 func ExtractIPsFromMetadata(contents []byte) (map[string]string, error) {
 	var ips struct {
-		Public  string `json:"public-ipv4"`
-		Private string `json:"local-ipv4"`
+		PublicIPv4  string `json:"public-ipv4"`
+		PrivateIPv4 string `json:"local-ipv4"`
+		PublicIPv6  string `json:"public-ipv6"`
+		PrivateIPv6 string `json:"local-ipv6"`
 	}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(contents, &ips); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	m := make(map[string]string)
-	if ips.Private != "" {
-		m["$private_ipv4"] = ips.Private
+	if ips.PrivateIPv4 != "" {
+		m["$private_ipv4"] = ips.PrivateIPv4
 	}
-	if ips.Public != "" {
-		m["$public_ipv4"] = ips.Public
+	if ips.PublicIPv4 != "" {
+		m["$public_ipv4"] = ips.PublicIPv4
+	}
+	if ips.PrivateIPv6 != "" {
+		m["$private_ipv6"] = ips.PrivateIPv6
+	}
+	if ips.PublicIPv6 != "" {
+		m["$public_ipv6"] = ips.PublicIPv6
 	}
 	return m, nil
 }
+
+func sortedKeys(m map[string]string) (keys []string) {
+	for key := range m {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	return
+}
--- a/initialize/meta_data_test.go
+++ b/initialize/meta_data_test.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ func TestParseMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		{`{"foo": "bar"}`, &CloudConfig{}, false},
 		{`{"network_config": {"content_path": "asdf"}}`, &CloudConfig{NetworkConfigPath: "asdf"}, false},
 		{`{"hostname": "turkleton"}`, &CloudConfig{Hostname: "turkleton"}, false},
-		{`{"public_keys": {"jack": "jill", "bob": "alice"}}`, &CloudConfig{SSHAuthorizedKeys: []string{"jill", "alice"}}, false},
+		{`{"public_keys": {"jack": "jill", "bob": "alice"}}`, &CloudConfig{SSHAuthorizedKeys: []string{"alice", "jill"}}, false},
 		{`{"unknown": "thing", "hostname": "my_host", "public_keys": {"do": "re", "mi": "fa"}, "network_config": {"content_path": "/root", "blah": "zzz"}}`, &CloudConfig{SSHAuthorizedKeys: []string{"re", "fa"}, Hostname: "my_host", NetworkConfigPath: "/root"}, false},
 	} {
 		got, err := ParseMetaData(tt.in)
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ func TestExtractIPsFromMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		out map[string]string
 	}{
 		{
-			[]byte(`{"public-ipv4": "12.34.56.78", "local-ipv4": "1.2.3.4"}`),
+			[]byte(`{"public-ipv4": "12.34.56.78", "local-ipv4": "1.2.3.4", "public-ipv6": "1234::", "local-ipv6": "5678::"}`),
 			false,
-			map[string]string{"$public_ipv4": "12.34.56.78", "$private_ipv4": "1.2.3.4"},
+			map[string]string{"$public_ipv4": "12.34.56.78", "$private_ipv4": "1.2.3.4", "$public_ipv6": "1234::", "$private_ipv6": "5678::"},
 		},
 		{
 			[]byte(`{"local-ipv4": "127.0.0.1", "something_else": "don't care"}`),
--- a/initialize/user_data.go
+++ b/initialize/user_data.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func ParseUserData(contents string) (interface{}, error) {

 	// Explicitly trim the header so we can handle user-data from
 	// non-unix operating systems. The rest of the file is parsed
-	// by goyaml, which correctly handles CRLF.
+	// by yaml, which correctly handles CRLF.
 	header = strings.TrimSpace(header)

 	if strings.HasPrefix(header, "#!") {
--- a/network/network.go
+++ b/network/network.go
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package network

 import (
+	"log"
 	"strings"
 )

 func ProcessDebianNetconf(config string) ([]InterfaceGenerator, error) {
+	log.Println("Processing Debian network config")
 	lines := formatConfig(config)
 	stanzas, err := parseStanzas(lines)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -18,7 +20,9 @@ func ProcessDebianNetconf(config string) ([]InterfaceGenerator, error) {
 			interfaces = append(interfaces, s)
 		}
 	}
+	log.Printf("Parsed %d network interfaces\n", len(interfaces))

+	log.Println("Processed Debian network config")
 	return buildInterfaces(interfaces), nil
 }

--- a/network/network_test.go
+++ b/network/network_test.go
--- a/network/digitalocean.go
+++ b/network/digitalocean.go
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package network
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata/digitalocean"
+)
+
+func ProcessDigitalOceanNetconf(config string) ([]InterfaceGenerator, error) {
+	log.Println("Processing DigitalOcean network config")
+	if config == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var cfg digitalocean.Metadata
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(config), &cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.Println("Parsing nameservers")
+	nameservers, err := parseNameservers(cfg.DNS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	log.Printf("Parsed %d nameservers\n", len(nameservers))
+
+	log.Println("Parsing interfaces")
+	generators, err := parseInterfaces(cfg.Interfaces, nameservers)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	log.Printf("Parsed %d network interfaces\n", len(generators))
+
+	log.Println("Processed DigitalOcean network config")
+	return generators, nil
+}
+
+func parseNameservers(cfg digitalocean.DNS) ([]net.IP, error) {
+	nameservers := make([]net.IP, 0, len(cfg.Nameservers))
+	for _, ns := range cfg.Nameservers {
+		if ip := net.ParseIP(ns); ip == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as nameserver IP address", ns)
+		} else {
+			nameservers = append(nameservers, ip)
+		}
+	}
+	return nameservers, nil
+}
+
+func parseInterfaces(cfg digitalocean.Interfaces, nameservers []net.IP) ([]InterfaceGenerator, error) {
+	generators := make([]InterfaceGenerator, 0, len(cfg.Public)+len(cfg.Private))
+	for _, iface := range cfg.Public {
+		if generator, err := parseInterface(iface, nameservers, true); err == nil {
+			generators = append(generators, &physicalInterface{*generator})
+		} else {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	for _, iface := range cfg.Private {
+		if generator, err := parseInterface(iface, []net.IP{}, false); err == nil {
+			generators = append(generators, &physicalInterface{*generator})
+		} else {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return generators, nil
+}
+
+func parseInterface(iface digitalocean.Interface, nameservers []net.IP, useRoute bool) (*logicalInterface, error) {
+	routes := make([]route, 0)
+	addresses := make([]net.IPNet, 0)
+	if iface.IPv4 != nil {
+		var ip, mask, gateway net.IP
+		if ip = net.ParseIP(iface.IPv4.IPAddress); ip == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as IPv4 address", iface.IPv4.IPAddress)
+		}
+		if mask = net.ParseIP(iface.IPv4.Netmask); mask == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as IPv4 mask", iface.IPv4.Netmask)
+		}
+		addresses = append(addresses, net.IPNet{
+			IP:   ip,
+			Mask: net.IPMask(mask),
+		})
+
+		if useRoute {
+			if gateway = net.ParseIP(iface.IPv4.Gateway); gateway == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as IPv4 gateway", iface.IPv4.Gateway)
+			}
+			routes = append(routes, route{
+				destination: net.IPNet{
+					IP:   net.IPv4zero,
+					Mask: net.IPMask(net.IPv4zero),
+				},
+				gateway: gateway,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	if iface.IPv6 != nil {
+		var ip, gateway net.IP
+		if ip = net.ParseIP(iface.IPv6.IPAddress); ip == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as IPv6 address", iface.IPv6.IPAddress)
+		}
+		addresses = append(addresses, net.IPNet{
+			IP:   ip,
+			Mask: net.CIDRMask(iface.IPv6.Cidr, net.IPv6len*8),
+		})
+
+		if useRoute {
+			if gateway = net.ParseIP(iface.IPv6.Gateway); gateway == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as IPv6 gateway", iface.IPv6.Gateway)
+			}
+			routes = append(routes, route{
+				destination: net.IPNet{
+					IP:   net.IPv6zero,
+					Mask: net.IPMask(net.IPv6zero),
+				},
+				gateway: gateway,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	hwaddr, err := net.ParseMAC(iface.MAC)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if nameservers == nil {
+		nameservers = []net.IP{}
+	}
+
+	return &logicalInterface{
+		hwaddr: hwaddr,
+		config: configMethodStatic{
+			addresses:   addresses,
+			nameservers: nameservers,
+			routes:      routes,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
--- a/network/digitalocean_test.go
+++ b/network/digitalocean_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+package network
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource/metadata/digitalocean"
+)
+
+func TestParseNameservers(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		dns digitalocean.DNS
+		nss []net.IP
+		err error
+	}{
+		{
+			dns: digitalocean.DNS{},
+			nss: []net.IP{},
+		},
+		{
+			dns: digitalocean.DNS{[]string{"1.2.3.4"}},
+			nss: []net.IP{net.ParseIP("1.2.3.4")},
+		},
+		{
+			dns: digitalocean.DNS{[]string{"bad"}},
+			err: errors.New("could not parse \"bad\" as nameserver IP address"),
+		},
+	} {
+		nss, err := parseNameservers(tt.dns)
+		if !errorsEqual(tt.err, err) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad error (%+v): want %q, got %q", tt.dns, tt.err, err)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(tt.nss, nss) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad nameservers (%+v): want %#v, got %#v", tt.dns, tt.nss, nss)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseInterface(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		cfg      digitalocean.Interface
+		nss      []net.IP
+		useRoute bool
+		iface    *logicalInterface
+		err      error
+	}{
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "bad",
+			},
+			err: errors.New("invalid MAC address: bad"),
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+			},
+			nss: []net.IP{},
+			iface: &logicalInterface{
+				hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+				config: configMethodStatic{
+					addresses:   []net.IPNet{},
+					nameservers: []net.IP{},
+					routes:      []route{},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+			},
+			useRoute: true,
+			nss:      []net.IP{net.ParseIP("1.2.3.4")},
+			iface: &logicalInterface{
+				hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+				config: configMethodStatic{
+					addresses:   []net.IPNet{},
+					nameservers: []net.IP{net.ParseIP("1.2.3.4")},
+					routes:      []route{},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+				IPv4: &digitalocean.Address{
+					IPAddress: "bad",
+					Netmask:   "255.255.0.0",
+				},
+			},
+			nss: []net.IP{},
+			err: errors.New("could not parse \"bad\" as IPv4 address"),
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+				IPv4: &digitalocean.Address{
+					IPAddress: "1.2.3.4",
+					Netmask:   "bad",
+				},
+			},
+			nss: []net.IP{},
+			err: errors.New("could not parse \"bad\" as IPv4 mask"),
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+				IPv4: &digitalocean.Address{
+					IPAddress: "1.2.3.4",
+					Netmask:   "255.255.0.0",
+					Gateway:   "ignoreme",
+				},
+			},
+			nss: []net.IP{},
+			iface: &logicalInterface{
+				hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+				config: configMethodStatic{
+					addresses:   []net.IPNet{net.IPNet{net.ParseIP("1.2.3.4"), net.IPMask(net.ParseIP("255.255.0.0"))}},
+					nameservers: []net.IP{},
+					routes:      []route{},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+				IPv4: &digitalocean.Address{
+					IPAddress: "1.2.3.4",
+					Netmask:   "255.255.0.0",
+					Gateway:   "bad",
+				},
+			},
+			useRoute: true,
+			nss:      []net.IP{},
+			err:      errors.New("could not parse \"bad\" as IPv4 gateway"),
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+				IPv4: &digitalocean.Address{
+					IPAddress: "1.2.3.4",
+					Netmask:   "255.255.0.0",
+					Gateway:   "5.6.7.8",
+				},
+			},
+			useRoute: true,
+			nss:      []net.IP{},
+			iface: &logicalInterface{
+				hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+				config: configMethodStatic{
+					addresses:   []net.IPNet{net.IPNet{net.ParseIP("1.2.3.4"), net.IPMask(net.ParseIP("255.255.0.0"))}},
+					nameservers: []net.IP{},
+					routes:      []route{route{net.IPNet{net.IPv4zero, net.IPMask(net.IPv4zero)}, net.ParseIP("5.6.7.8")}},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+				IPv6: &digitalocean.Address{
+					IPAddress: "bad",
+					Cidr:      16,
+				},
+			},
+			nss: []net.IP{},
+			err: errors.New("could not parse \"bad\" as IPv6 address"),
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+				IPv6: &digitalocean.Address{
+					IPAddress: "fe00::",
+					Cidr:      16,
+					Gateway:   "ignoreme",
+				},
+			},
+			nss: []net.IP{},
+			iface: &logicalInterface{
+				hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+				config: configMethodStatic{
+					addresses:   []net.IPNet{net.IPNet{net.ParseIP("fe00::"), net.IPMask(net.ParseIP("ffff::"))}},
+					nameservers: []net.IP{},
+					routes:      []route{},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+				IPv6: &digitalocean.Address{
+					IPAddress: "fe00::",
+					Cidr:      16,
+					Gateway:   "bad",
+				},
+			},
+			useRoute: true,
+			nss:      []net.IP{},
+			err:      errors.New("could not parse \"bad\" as IPv6 gateway"),
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interface{
+				MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB",
+				IPv6: &digitalocean.Address{
+					IPAddress: "fe00::",
+					Cidr:      16,
+					Gateway:   "fe00:1234::",
+				},
+			},
+			useRoute: true,
+			nss:      []net.IP{},
+			iface: &logicalInterface{
+				hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+				config: configMethodStatic{
+					addresses:   []net.IPNet{net.IPNet{net.ParseIP("fe00::"), net.IPMask(net.ParseIP("ffff::"))}},
+					nameservers: []net.IP{},
+					routes:      []route{route{net.IPNet{net.IPv6zero, net.IPMask(net.IPv6zero)}, net.ParseIP("fe00:1234::")}},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		iface, err := parseInterface(tt.cfg, tt.nss, tt.useRoute)
+		if !errorsEqual(tt.err, err) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad error (%+v): want %q, got %q", tt.cfg, tt.err, err)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(tt.iface, iface) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad interface (%+v): want %#v, got %#v", tt.cfg, tt.iface, iface)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseInterfaces(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		cfg    digitalocean.Interfaces
+		nss    []net.IP
+		ifaces []InterfaceGenerator
+		err    error
+	}{
+		{
+			ifaces: []InterfaceGenerator{},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interfaces{
+				Public: []digitalocean.Interface{{MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB"}},
+			},
+			ifaces: []InterfaceGenerator{
+				&physicalInterface{logicalInterface{
+					hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+					config: configMethodStatic{
+						addresses:   []net.IPNet{},
+						nameservers: []net.IP{},
+						routes:      []route{},
+					},
+				}},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interfaces{
+				Private: []digitalocean.Interface{{MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB"}},
+			},
+			ifaces: []InterfaceGenerator{
+				&physicalInterface{logicalInterface{
+					hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+					config: configMethodStatic{
+						addresses:   []net.IPNet{},
+						nameservers: []net.IP{},
+						routes:      []route{},
+					},
+				}},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interfaces{
+				Public: []digitalocean.Interface{{MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB"}},
+			},
+			nss: []net.IP{net.ParseIP("1.2.3.4")},
+			ifaces: []InterfaceGenerator{
+				&physicalInterface{logicalInterface{
+					hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+					config: configMethodStatic{
+						addresses:   []net.IPNet{},
+						nameservers: []net.IP{net.ParseIP("1.2.3.4")},
+						routes:      []route{},
+					},
+				}},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interfaces{
+				Private: []digitalocean.Interface{{MAC: "01:23:45:67:89:AB"}},
+			},
+			nss: []net.IP{net.ParseIP("1.2.3.4")},
+			ifaces: []InterfaceGenerator{
+				&physicalInterface{logicalInterface{
+					hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}),
+					config: configMethodStatic{
+						addresses:   []net.IPNet{},
+						nameservers: []net.IP{},
+						routes:      []route{},
+					},
+				}},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interfaces{
+				Public: []digitalocean.Interface{{MAC: "bad"}},
+			},
+			err: errors.New("invalid MAC address: bad"),
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: digitalocean.Interfaces{
+				Private: []digitalocean.Interface{{MAC: "bad"}},
+			},
+			err: errors.New("invalid MAC address: bad"),
+		},
+	} {
+		ifaces, err := parseInterfaces(tt.cfg, tt.nss)
+		if !errorsEqual(tt.err, err) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad error (%+v): want %q, got %q", tt.cfg, tt.err, err)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(tt.ifaces, ifaces) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad interfaces (%+v): want %#v, got %#v", tt.cfg, tt.ifaces, ifaces)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessDigitalOceanNetconf(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		cfg    string
+		ifaces []InterfaceGenerator
+		err    error
+	}{
+		{
+			cfg: ``,
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: `{"dns":{"nameservers":["bad"]}}`,
+			err: errors.New("could not parse \"bad\" as nameserver IP address"),
+		},
+		{
+			cfg: `{"interfaces":{"public":[{"ipv4":{"ip_address":"bad"}}]}}`,
+			err: errors.New("could not parse \"bad\" as IPv4 address"),
+		},
+		{
+			cfg:    `{}`,
+			ifaces: []InterfaceGenerator{},
+		},
+	} {
+		ifaces, err := ProcessDigitalOceanNetconf(tt.cfg)
+		if !errorsEqual(tt.err, err) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad error (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.cfg, tt.err, err)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(tt.ifaces, ifaces) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad interfaces (%q): want %#v, got %#v", tt.cfg, tt.ifaces, ifaces)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func errorsEqual(a, b error) bool {
+	if a == nil && b == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	if (a != nil && b == nil) || (a == nil && b != nil) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return (a.Error() == b.Error())
+}
--- a/network/interface.go
+++ b/network/interface.go
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ package network

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sort"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 )

 type InterfaceGenerator interface {
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ type InterfaceGenerator interface {
 	Netdev() string
 	Link() string
 	Network() string
+	Type() string
+	ModprobeParams() string
 }

 type networkInterface interface {
@@ -21,13 +26,25 @@ type networkInterface interface {

 type logicalInterface struct {
 	name        string
+	hwaddr      net.HardwareAddr
 	config      configMethod
 	children    []networkInterface
 	configDepth int
 }

+func (i *logicalInterface) Name() string {
+	return i.name
+}
+
 func (i *logicalInterface) Network() string {
-	config := fmt.Sprintf("[Match]\nName=%s\n\n[Network]\n", i.name)
+	config := fmt.Sprintln("[Match]")
+	if i.name != "" {
+		config += fmt.Sprintf("Name=%s\n", i.name)
+	}
+	if i.hwaddr != nil {
+		config += fmt.Sprintf("MACAddress=%s\n", i.hwaddr)
+	}
+	config += "\n[Network]\n"

 	for _, child := range i.children {
 		switch iface := child.(type) {
@@ -43,8 +60,8 @@ func (i *logicalInterface) Network() string {
 		for _, nameserver := range conf.nameservers {
 			config += fmt.Sprintf("DNS=%s\n", nameserver)
 		}
-		if conf.address.IP != nil {
-			config += fmt.Sprintf("\n[Address]\nAddress=%s\n", conf.address.String())
+		for _, addr := range conf.addresses {
+			config += fmt.Sprintf("\n[Address]\nAddress=%s\n", addr.String())
 		}
 		for _, route := range conf.routes {
 			config += fmt.Sprintf("\n[Route]\nDestination=%s\nGateway=%s\n", route.destination.String(), route.gateway)
@@ -60,14 +77,26 @@ func (i *logicalInterface) Link() string {
 	return ""
 }

+func (i *logicalInterface) Netdev() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
 func (i *logicalInterface) Filename() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%02x-%s", i.configDepth, i.name)
+	name := i.name
+	if name == "" {
+		name = i.hwaddr.String()
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%02x-%s", i.configDepth, name)
 }

 func (i *logicalInterface) Children() []networkInterface {
 	return i.children
 }

+func (i *logicalInterface) ModprobeParams() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
 func (i *logicalInterface) setConfigDepth(depth int) {
 	i.configDepth = depth
 }
@@ -76,37 +105,39 @@ type physicalInterface struct {
 	logicalInterface
 }

-func (p *physicalInterface) Name() string {
-	return p.name
-}
-
-func (p *physicalInterface) Netdev() string {
-	return ""
+func (p *physicalInterface) Type() string {
+	return "physical"
 }

 type bondInterface struct {
 	logicalInterface
 	slaves  []string
-}
-
-func (b *bondInterface) Name() string {
-	return b.name
+	options map[string]string
 }

 func (b *bondInterface) Netdev() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("[NetDev]\nKind=bond\nName=%s\n", b.name)
 }

+func (b *bondInterface) Type() string {
+	return "bond"
+}
+
+func (b *bondInterface) ModprobeParams() string {
+	params := ""
+	for _, name := range sortedKeys(b.options) {
+		params += fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s ", name, b.options[name])
+	}
+	params = strings.TrimSuffix(params, " ")
+	return params
+}
+
 type vlanInterface struct {
 	logicalInterface
 	id        int
 	rawDevice string
 }

-func (v *vlanInterface) Name() string {
-	return v.name
-}
-
 func (v *vlanInterface) Netdev() string {
 	config := fmt.Sprintf("[NetDev]\nKind=vlan\nName=%s\n", v.name)
 	switch c := v.config.(type) {
@@ -123,14 +154,18 @@ func (v *vlanInterface) Netdev() string {
 	return config
 }

+func (v *vlanInterface) Type() string {
+	return "vlan"
+}
+
 func buildInterfaces(stanzas []*stanzaInterface) []InterfaceGenerator {
 	interfaceMap := createInterfaces(stanzas)
 	linkAncestors(interfaceMap)
 	markConfigDepths(interfaceMap)

 	interfaces := make([]InterfaceGenerator, 0, len(interfaceMap))
-	for _, iface := range interfaceMap {
-		interfaces = append(interfaces, iface)
+	for _, name := range sortedInterfaces(interfaceMap) {
+		interfaces = append(interfaces, interfaceMap[name])
 	}

 	return interfaces
@@ -141,15 +176,22 @@ func createInterfaces(stanzas []*stanzaInterface) map[string]networkInterface {
 	for _, iface := range stanzas {
 		switch iface.kind {
 		case interfaceBond:
+			bondOptions := make(map[string]string)
+			for _, k := range []string{"mode", "miimon", "lacp-rate"} {
+				if v, ok := iface.options["bond-"+k]; ok && len(v) > 0 {
+					bondOptions[k] = v[0]
+				}
+			}
 			interfaceMap[iface.name] = &bondInterface{
 				logicalInterface{
 					name:     iface.name,
 					config:   iface.configMethod,
 					children: []networkInterface{},
 				},
-				iface.options["slaves"],
+				iface.options["bond-slaves"],
+				bondOptions,
 			}
-			for _, slave := range iface.options["slaves"] {
+			for _, slave := range iface.options["bond-slaves"] {
 				if _, ok := interfaceMap[slave]; !ok {
 					interfaceMap[slave] = &physicalInterface{
 						logicalInterface{
@@ -203,7 +245,8 @@ func createInterfaces(stanzas []*stanzaInterface) map[string]networkInterface {
 }

 func linkAncestors(interfaceMap map[string]networkInterface) {
-	for _, iface := range interfaceMap {
+	for _, name := range sortedInterfaces(interfaceMap) {
+		iface := interfaceMap[name]
 		switch i := iface.(type) {
 		case *vlanInterface:
 			if parent, ok := interfaceMap[i.rawDevice]; ok {
@@ -241,13 +284,33 @@ func markConfigDepths(interfaceMap map[string]networkInterface) {
 		}
 	}
 	for _, iface := range rootInterfaceMap {
-		setDepth(iface, 0)
+		setDepth(iface)
 	}
 }

-func setDepth(iface networkInterface, depth int) {
-	iface.setConfigDepth(depth)
+func setDepth(iface networkInterface) int {
+	maxDepth := 0
 	for _, child := range iface.Children() {
-		setDepth(child, depth+1)
+		if depth := setDepth(child); depth > maxDepth {
+			maxDepth = depth
 		}
 	}
+	iface.setConfigDepth(maxDepth)
+	return (maxDepth + 1)
+}
+
+func sortedKeys(m map[string]string) (keys []string) {
+	for key := range m {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	return
+}
+
+func sortedInterfaces(m map[string]networkInterface) (keys []string) {
+	for key := range m {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	return
+}
--- a/network/interface_test.go
+++ b/network/interface_test.go
@@ -6,215 +6,133 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )

-func TestPhysicalInterfaceName(t *testing.T) {
-	p := physicalInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname"}}
-	if p.Name() != "testname" {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPhysicalInterfaceNetdev(t *testing.T) {
-	p := physicalInterface{}
-	if p.Netdev() != "" {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPhysicalInterfaceLink(t *testing.T) {
-	p := physicalInterface{}
-	if p.Link() != "" {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPhysicalInterfaceNetwork(t *testing.T) {
-	p := physicalInterface{logicalInterface{
+func TestInterfaceGenerators(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		netdev  string
+		link    string
+		network string
+		kind    string
+		iface   InterfaceGenerator
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "",
+			network: "[Match]\nMACAddress=00:01:02:03:04:05\n\n[Network]\n",
+			kind:    "physical",
+			iface: &physicalInterface{logicalInterface{
+				hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}),
+			}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "testname",
+			network: "[Match]\nName=testname\n\n[Network]\nBond=testbond1\nVLAN=testvlan1\nVLAN=testvlan2\n",
+			kind:    "physical",
+			iface: &physicalInterface{logicalInterface{
 				name: "testname",
 				children: []networkInterface{
-			&bondInterface{
-				logicalInterface{
-					name: "testbond1",
+					&bondInterface{logicalInterface: logicalInterface{name: "testbond1"}},
+					&vlanInterface{logicalInterface: logicalInterface{name: "testvlan1"}, id: 1},
+					&vlanInterface{logicalInterface: logicalInterface{name: "testvlan2"}, id: 1},
 				},
-				nil,
+			}},
 		},
-			&vlanInterface{
-				logicalInterface{
-					name: "testvlan1",
-				},
-				1,
-				"",
-			},
-			&vlanInterface{
-				logicalInterface{
-					name: "testvlan2",
-				},
-				1,
-				"",
-			},
-		},
-	}}
-	network := `[Match]
-Name=testname
-
-[Network]
-Bond=testbond1
-VLAN=testvlan1
-VLAN=testvlan2
-`
-	if p.Network() != network {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBondInterfaceName(t *testing.T) {
-	b := bondInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname"}, nil}
-	if b.Name() != "testname" {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBondInterfaceNetdev(t *testing.T) {
-	b := bondInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname"}, nil}
-	netdev := `[NetDev]
-Kind=bond
-Name=testname
-`
-	if b.Netdev() != netdev {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBondInterfaceLink(t *testing.T) {
-	b := bondInterface{}
-	if b.Link() != "" {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBondInterfaceNetwork(t *testing.T) {
-	b := bondInterface{
-		logicalInterface{
+		{
+			name:    "testname",
+			netdev:  "[NetDev]\nKind=bond\nName=testname\n",
+			network: "[Match]\nName=testname\n\n[Network]\nBond=testbond1\nVLAN=testvlan1\nVLAN=testvlan2\nDHCP=true\n",
+			kind:    "bond",
+			iface: &bondInterface{logicalInterface: logicalInterface{
 				name:   "testname",
 				config: configMethodDHCP{},
 				children: []networkInterface{
-				&bondInterface{
-					logicalInterface{
-						name: "testbond1",
+					&bondInterface{logicalInterface: logicalInterface{name: "testbond1"}},
+					&vlanInterface{logicalInterface: logicalInterface{name: "testvlan1"}, id: 1},
+					&vlanInterface{logicalInterface: logicalInterface{name: "testvlan2"}, id: 1},
 				},
-					nil,
-				},
-				&vlanInterface{
-					logicalInterface{
-						name: "testvlan1",
-					},
-					1,
-					"",
-				},
-				&vlanInterface{
-					logicalInterface{
-						name: "testvlan2",
-					},
-					1,
-					"",
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		nil,
-	}
-	network := `[Match]
-Name=testname
-
-[Network]
-Bond=testbond1
-VLAN=testvlan1
-VLAN=testvlan2
-DHCP=true
-`
-	if b.Network() != network {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestVLANInterfaceName(t *testing.T) {
-	v := vlanInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname"}, 1, ""}
-	if v.Name() != "testname" {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestVLANInterfaceNetdev(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, tt := range []struct {
-		i vlanInterface
-		l string
-	}{
-		{
-			vlanInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname"}, 1, ""},
-			"[NetDev]\nKind=vlan\nName=testname\n\n[VLAN]\nId=1\n",
+			}},
 		},
 		{
-			vlanInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname", config: configMethodStatic{hwaddress: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5})}}, 1, ""},
-			"[NetDev]\nKind=vlan\nName=testname\nMACAddress=00:01:02:03:04:05\n\n[VLAN]\nId=1\n",
+			name:    "testname",
+			netdev:  "[NetDev]\nKind=vlan\nName=testname\n\n[VLAN]\nId=1\n",
+			network: "[Match]\nName=testname\n\n[Network]\n",
+			kind:    "vlan",
+			iface:   &vlanInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname"}, 1, ""},
 		},
 		{
-			vlanInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname", config: configMethodDHCP{hwaddress: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5})}}, 1, ""},
-			"[NetDev]\nKind=vlan\nName=testname\nMACAddress=00:01:02:03:04:05\n\n[VLAN]\nId=1\n",
+			name:    "testname",
+			netdev:  "[NetDev]\nKind=vlan\nName=testname\nMACAddress=00:01:02:03:04:05\n\n[VLAN]\nId=1\n",
+			network: "[Match]\nName=testname\n\n[Network]\n",
+			kind:    "vlan",
+			iface:   &vlanInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname", config: configMethodStatic{hwaddress: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5})}}, 1, ""},
 		},
-	} {
-		if tt.i.Netdev() != tt.l {
-			t.Fatalf("bad netdev config (%q): got %q, want %q", tt.i, tt.i.Netdev(), tt.l)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestVLANInterfaceLink(t *testing.T) {
-	v := vlanInterface{}
-	if v.Link() != "" {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestVLANInterfaceNetwork(t *testing.T) {
-	v := vlanInterface{
-		logicalInterface{
+		{
+			name:    "testname",
+			netdev:  "[NetDev]\nKind=vlan\nName=testname\nMACAddress=00:01:02:03:04:05\n\n[VLAN]\nId=1\n",
+			network: "[Match]\nName=testname\n\n[Network]\nDHCP=true\n",
+			kind:    "vlan",
+			iface:   &vlanInterface{logicalInterface{name: "testname", config: configMethodDHCP{hwaddress: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5})}}, 1, ""},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "testname",
+			netdev:  "[NetDev]\nKind=vlan\nName=testname\n\n[VLAN]\nId=0\n",
+			network: "[Match]\nName=testname\n\n[Network]\nDNS=8.8.8.8\n\n[Address]\nAddress=192.168.1.100/24\n\n[Route]\nDestination=0.0.0.0/0\nGateway=1.2.3.4\n",
+			kind:    "vlan",
+			iface: &vlanInterface{logicalInterface: logicalInterface{
 				name: "testname",
 				config: configMethodStatic{
-				address: net.IPNet{
-					IP:   []byte{192, 168, 1, 100},
-					Mask: []byte{255, 255, 255, 0},
+					addresses:   []net.IPNet{{IP: []byte{192, 168, 1, 100}, Mask: []byte{255, 255, 255, 0}}},
+					nameservers: []net.IP{[]byte{8, 8, 8, 8}},
+					routes:      []route{route{destination: net.IPNet{IP: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, Mask: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}}, gateway: []byte{1, 2, 3, 4}}},
 				},
-				nameservers: []net.IP{
-					[]byte{8, 8, 8, 8},
+			}},
 		},
-				routes: []route{
-					route{
-						destination: net.IPNet{
-							IP:   []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
-							Mask: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
-						},
-						gateway: []byte{1, 2, 3, 4},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		0,
-		"",
+	} {
+		if name := tt.iface.Name(); name != tt.name {
+			t.Fatalf("bad name (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.iface, tt.name, name)
+		}
+		if netdev := tt.iface.Netdev(); netdev != tt.netdev {
+			t.Fatalf("bad netdev (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.iface, tt.netdev, netdev)
+		}
+		if link := tt.iface.Link(); link != tt.link {
+			t.Fatalf("bad link (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.iface, tt.link, link)
+		}
+		if network := tt.iface.Network(); network != tt.network {
+			t.Fatalf("bad network (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.iface, tt.network, network)
+		}
+		if kind := tt.iface.Type(); kind != tt.kind {
+			t.Fatalf("bad type (%q): want %q, got %q", tt.iface, tt.kind, kind)
+		}
+	}
 }
-	network := `[Match]
-Name=testname

-[Network]
-DNS=8.8.8.8
-
-[Address]
-Address=192.168.1.100/24
-
-[Route]
-Destination=0.0.0.0/0
-Gateway=1.2.3.4
-`
-	if v.Network() != network {
-		t.Log(v.Network())
-		t.FailNow()
+func TestModprobeParams(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		i InterfaceGenerator
+		p string
+	}{
+		{
+			i: &physicalInterface{},
+			p: "",
+		},
+		{
+			i: &vlanInterface{},
+			p: "",
+		},
+		{
+			i: &bondInterface{
+				logicalInterface{},
+				nil,
+				map[string]string{
+					"a": "1",
+					"b": "2",
+				},
+			},
+			p: "a=1 b=2",
+		},
+	} {
+		if p := tt.i.ModprobeParams(); p != tt.p {
+			t.Fatalf("bad params (%q): got %s, want %s", tt.i, p, tt.p)
+		}
 	}
 }

@@ -242,7 +160,7 @@ func TestBuildInterfacesBlindBond(t *testing.T) {
 			auto:         false,
 			configMethod: configMethodManual{},
 			options: map[string][]string{
-				"slaves": []string{"eth0"},
+				"bond-slaves": []string{"eth0"},
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -252,16 +170,17 @@ func TestBuildInterfacesBlindBond(t *testing.T) {
 			name:        "bond0",
 			config:      configMethodManual{},
 			children:    []networkInterface{},
-			configDepth: 1,
+			configDepth: 0,
 		},
 		[]string{"eth0"},
+		map[string]string{},
 	}
 	eth0 := &physicalInterface{
 		logicalInterface{
 			name:        "eth0",
 			config:      configMethodManual{},
 			children:    []networkInterface{bond0},
-			configDepth: 0,
+			configDepth: 1,
 		},
 	}
 	expect := []InterfaceGenerator{bond0, eth0}
@@ -289,7 +208,7 @@ func TestBuildInterfacesBlindVLAN(t *testing.T) {
 			name:        "vlan0",
 			config:      configMethodManual{},
 			children:    []networkInterface{},
-			configDepth: 1,
+			configDepth: 0,
 		},
 		0,
 		"eth0",
@@ -299,7 +218,7 @@ func TestBuildInterfacesBlindVLAN(t *testing.T) {
 			name:        "eth0",
 			config:      configMethodManual{},
 			children:    []networkInterface{vlan0},
-			configDepth: 0,
+			configDepth: 1,
 		},
 	}
 	expect := []InterfaceGenerator{eth0, vlan0}
@@ -323,7 +242,9 @@ func TestBuildInterfaces(t *testing.T) {
 			auto:         false,
 			configMethod: configMethodManual{},
 			options: map[string][]string{
-				"slaves": []string{"eth0"},
+				"bond-slaves": []string{"eth0"},
+				"bond-mode":   []string{"4"},
+				"bond-miimon": []string{"100"},
 			},
 		},
 		&stanzaInterface{
@@ -332,7 +253,7 @@ func TestBuildInterfaces(t *testing.T) {
 			auto:         false,
 			configMethod: configMethodManual{},
 			options: map[string][]string{
-				"slaves": []string{"bond0"},
+				"bond-slaves": []string{"bond0"},
 			},
 		},
 		&stanzaInterface{
@@ -362,7 +283,7 @@ func TestBuildInterfaces(t *testing.T) {
 			name:        "vlan1",
 			config:      configMethodManual{},
 			children:    []networkInterface{},
-			configDepth: 2,
+			configDepth: 0,
 		},
 		1,
 		"bond0",
@@ -372,7 +293,7 @@ func TestBuildInterfaces(t *testing.T) {
 			name:        "vlan0",
 			config:      configMethodManual{},
 			children:    []networkInterface{},
-			configDepth: 1,
+			configDepth: 0,
 		},
 		0,
 		"eth0",
@@ -382,9 +303,10 @@ func TestBuildInterfaces(t *testing.T) {
 			name:        "bond1",
 			config:      configMethodManual{},
 			children:    []networkInterface{},
-			configDepth: 2,
+			configDepth: 0,
 		},
 		[]string{"bond0"},
+		map[string]string{},
 	}
 	bond0 := &bondInterface{
 		logicalInterface{
@@ -394,16 +316,20 @@ func TestBuildInterfaces(t *testing.T) {
 			configDepth: 1,
 		},
 		[]string{"eth0"},
+		map[string]string{
+			"mode":   "4",
+			"miimon": "100",
+		},
 	}
 	eth0 := &physicalInterface{
 		logicalInterface{
 			name:        "eth0",
 			config:      configMethodManual{},
 			children:    []networkInterface{bond0, vlan0},
-			configDepth: 0,
+			configDepth: 2,
 		},
 	}
-	expect := []InterfaceGenerator{eth0, bond0, bond1, vlan0, vlan1}
+	expect := []InterfaceGenerator{bond0, bond1, eth0, vlan0, vlan1}
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(interfaces, expect) {
 		t.FailNow()
 	}
@@ -418,6 +344,8 @@ func TestFilename(t *testing.T) {
 		{logicalInterface{name: "iface", configDepth: 9}, "09-iface"},
 		{logicalInterface{name: "iface", configDepth: 10}, "0a-iface"},
 		{logicalInterface{name: "iface", configDepth: 53}, "35-iface"},
+		{logicalInterface{hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}), configDepth: 1}, "01-01:23:45:67:89:ab"},
+		{logicalInterface{name: "iface", hwaddr: net.HardwareAddr([]byte{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab}), configDepth: 1}, "01-iface"},
 	} {
 		if tt.i.Filename() != tt.f {
 			t.Fatalf("bad filename (%q): got %q, want %q", tt.i, tt.i.Filename(), tt.f)
--- a/network/stanza.go
+++ b/network/stanza.go
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ type route struct {
 type configMethod interface{}

 type configMethodStatic struct {
-	address     net.IPNet
+	addresses   []net.IPNet
 	nameservers []net.IP
 	routes      []route
 	hwaddress   net.HardwareAddr
@@ -193,20 +193,21 @@ func parseInterfaceStanza(attributes []string, options []string) (*stanzaInterfa
 	switch confMethod {
 	case "static":
 		config := configMethodStatic{
+			addresses:   make([]net.IPNet, 1),
 			routes:      make([]route, 0),
 			nameservers: make([]net.IP, 0),
 		}
 		if addresses, ok := optionMap["address"]; ok {
 			if len(addresses) == 1 {
-				config.address.IP = net.ParseIP(addresses[0])
+				config.addresses[0].IP = net.ParseIP(addresses[0])
 			}
 		}
 		if netmasks, ok := optionMap["netmask"]; ok {
 			if len(netmasks) == 1 {
-				config.address.Mask = net.IPMask(net.ParseIP(netmasks[0]).To4())
+				config.addresses[0].Mask = net.IPMask(net.ParseIP(netmasks[0]).To4())
 			}
 		}
-		if config.address.IP == nil || config.address.Mask == nil {
+		if config.addresses[0].IP == nil || config.addresses[0].Mask == nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed static network config for %q", iface)
 		}
 		if gateways, ok := optionMap["gateway"]; ok {
@@ -293,7 +294,6 @@ func parseHwaddress(options map[string][]string, iface string) (net.HardwareAddr
 }

 func parseBondStanza(iface string, conf configMethod, attributes []string, options map[string][]string) (*stanzaInterface, error) {
-	options["slaves"] = options["bond-slaves"]
 	return &stanzaInterface{name: iface, kind: interfaceBond, configMethod: conf, options: options}, nil
 }

--- a/network/stanza_test.go
+++ b/network/stanza_test.go
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ func TestParseBondStanzaNoSlaves(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.FailNow()
 	}
-	if bond.options["slaves"] != nil {
+	if bond.options["bond-slaves"] != nil {
 		t.FailNow()
 	}
 }
@@ -152,9 +152,6 @@ func TestParseBondStanza(t *testing.T) {
 	if bond.configMethod != conf {
 		t.FailNow()
 	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(bond.options["slaves"], options["bond-slaves"]) {
-		t.FailNow()
-	}
 }

 func TestParsePhysicalStanza(t *testing.T) {
@@ -197,9 +194,11 @@ func TestParseVLANStanzas(t *testing.T) {

 func TestParseInterfaceStanzaStaticAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	options := []string{"address 192.168.1.100", "netmask 255.255.255.0"}
-	expect := net.IPNet{
+	expect := []net.IPNet{
+		{
 			IP:   net.IPv4(192, 168, 1, 100),
 			Mask: net.IPv4Mask(255, 255, 255, 0),
+		},
 	}

 	iface, err := parseInterfaceStanza([]string{"eth", "inet", "static"}, options)
@@ -210,7 +209,7 @@ func TestParseInterfaceStanzaStaticAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	if !ok {
 		t.FailNow()
 	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(static.address, expect) {
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(static.addresses, expect) {
 		t.FailNow()
 	}
 }
--- a/pkg/http_client.go
+++ b/pkg/http_client.go
@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ type HttpClient struct {
 	client *http.Client
 }

+type Getter interface {
+	Get(string) ([]byte, error)
+	GetRetry(string) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
 func NewHttpClient() *HttpClient {
 	hc := &HttpClient{
 		MaxBackoff: time.Second * 5,
--- a/system/env_file.go
+++ b/system/env_file.go
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"regexp"
+	"sort"
+)
+
+type EnvFile struct {
+	Vars map[string]string
+	// mask File.Content, it shouldn't be used.
+	Content interface{} `json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	*File
+}
+
+// only allow sh compatible identifiers
+var validKey = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$`)
+
+// match each line, optionally capturing valid identifiers, discarding dos line endings
+var lineLexer = regexp.MustCompile(`(?m)^((?:([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)=)?.*?)\r?\n`)
+
+// mergeEnvContents: Update the existing file contents with new values,
+// preserving variable ordering and all content this code doesn't understand.
+// All new values are appended to the bottom of the old, sorted by key.
+func mergeEnvContents(old []byte, pending map[string]string) []byte {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	var match [][]byte
+
+	// it is awkward for the regex to handle a missing newline gracefully
+	if len(old) != 0 && !bytes.HasSuffix(old, []byte{'\n'}) {
+		old = append(old, byte('\n'))
+	}
+
+	for _, match = range lineLexer.FindAllSubmatch(old, -1) {
+		key := string(match[2])
+		if value, ok := pending[key]; ok {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%s=%s\n", key, value)
+			delete(pending, key)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%s\n", match[1])
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, key := range keys(pending) {
+		value := pending[key]
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%s=%s\n", key, value)
+	}
+
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// WriteEnvFile updates an existing env `KEY=value` formated file with
+// new values provided in EnvFile.Vars; File.Content is ignored.
+// Existing ordering and any unknown formatting such as comments are
+// preserved. If no changes are required the file is untouched.
+func WriteEnvFile(ef *EnvFile, root string) error {
+	// validate new keys, mergeEnvContents uses pending to track writes
+	pending := make(map[string]string, len(ef.Vars))
+	for key, value := range ef.Vars {
+		if !validKey.MatchString(key) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid name %q for %s", key, ef.Path)
+		}
+		pending[key] = value
+	}
+
+	if len(pending) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	oldContent, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(root, ef.Path))
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			oldContent = []byte{}
+		} else {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	newContent := mergeEnvContents(oldContent, pending)
+	if bytes.Equal(oldContent, newContent) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ef.File.Content = string(newContent)
+	_, err = WriteFile(ef.File, root)
+	return err
+}
+
+// keys returns the keys of a map in sorted order
+func keys(m map[string]string) (s []string) {
+	for k, _ := range m {
+		s = append(s, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(s)
+	return
+}
--- a/system/env_file_test.go
+++ b/system/env_file_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+const (
+	base          = "# a file\nFOO=base\n\nBAR= hi there\n"
+	baseNoNewline = "# a file\nFOO=base\n\nBAR= hi there"
+	baseDos       = "# a file\r\nFOO=base\r\n\r\nBAR= hi there\r\n"
+	expectUpdate  = "# a file\nFOO=test\n\nBAR= hi there\nNEW=a value\n"
+	expectCreate  = "FOO=test\nNEW=a value\n"
+)
+
+var (
+	valueUpdate = map[string]string{
+		"FOO": "test",
+		"NEW": "a value",
+	}
+	valueNoop = map[string]string{
+		"FOO": "base",
+	}
+	valueEmpty   = map[string]string{}
+	valueInvalid = map[string]string{
+		"FOO-X": "test",
+	}
+)
+
+func TestWriteEnvFileUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, name)
+	ioutil.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(base), 0644)
+
+	oldStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueUpdate,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(contents) != expectUpdate {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents: %q", contents)
+	}
+
+	newStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if oldStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino == newStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino {
+		t.Fatalf("File was not replaced: %s", fullPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteEnvFileUpdateNoNewline(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, name)
+	ioutil.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(baseNoNewline), 0644)
+
+	oldStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueUpdate,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(contents) != expectUpdate {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents: %q", contents)
+	}
+
+	newStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if oldStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino == newStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino {
+		t.Fatalf("File was not replaced: %s", fullPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteEnvFileCreate(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, name)
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueUpdate,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(contents) != expectCreate {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents: %q", contents)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteEnvFileNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, name)
+	ioutil.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(base), 0644)
+
+	oldStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueNoop,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(contents) != base {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents: %q", contents)
+	}
+
+	newStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if oldStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino != newStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino {
+		t.Fatalf("File was replaced: %s", fullPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteEnvFileUpdateDos(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, name)
+	ioutil.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(baseDos), 0644)
+
+	oldStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueUpdate,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(contents) != expectUpdate {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents: %q", contents)
+	}
+
+	newStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if oldStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino == newStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino {
+		t.Fatalf("File was not replaced: %s", fullPath)
+	}
+}
+
+// A middle ground noop, values are unchanged but we did have a value.
+// Seems reasonable to rewrite the file in Unix format anyway.
+func TestWriteEnvFileDos2Unix(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, name)
+	ioutil.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(baseDos), 0644)
+
+	oldStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueNoop,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(contents) != base {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents: %q", contents)
+	}
+
+	newStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if oldStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino == newStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino {
+		t.Fatalf("File was not replaced: %s", fullPath)
+	}
+}
+
+// If it really is a noop (structure is empty) don't even do dos2unix
+func TestWriteEnvFileEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, name)
+	ioutil.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(baseDos), 0644)
+
+	oldStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueEmpty,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(contents) != baseDos {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents: %q", contents)
+	}
+
+	newStat, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if oldStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino != newStat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino {
+		t.Fatalf("File was replaced: %s", fullPath)
+	}
+}
+
+// no point in creating empty files
+func TestWriteEnvFileEmptyNoCreate(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, name)
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueEmpty,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents: %q", contents)
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error while reading file: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteEnvFilePermFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, name)
+	ioutil.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(base), 0000)
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueUpdate,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if !os.IsPermission(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("Not a pemission denied error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteEnvFileNameFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	name := "foo.conf"
+
+	ef := EnvFile{
+		File: &File{
+			Path: name,
+		},
+		Vars: valueInvalid,
+	}
+
+	err = WriteEnvFile(&ef, dir)
+	if err == nil || !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "Invalid name") {
+		t.Fatalf("Not an invalid name error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
--- a/system/networkd.go
+++ b/system/networkd.go
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ package system

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
 	"net"
 	"os/exec"
-	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/network"
 	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/netlink"
@@ -17,6 +18,13 @@ const (

 func RestartNetwork(interfaces []network.InterfaceGenerator) (err error) {
 	defer func() {
+		if e := restartNetworkd(); e != nil {
+			err = e
+			return
+		}
+		// TODO(crawford): Get rid of this once networkd fixes the race
+		// https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=76077
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
 		if e := restartNetworkd(); e != nil {
 			err = e
 		}
@@ -26,19 +34,18 @@ func RestartNetwork(interfaces []network.InterfaceGenerator) (err error) {
 		return
 	}

-	if err = probe8012q(); err != nil {
+	if err = maybeProbe8012q(interfaces); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	return
+	return maybeProbeBonding(interfaces)
 }

 func downNetworkInterfaces(interfaces []network.InterfaceGenerator) error {
 	sysInterfaceMap := make(map[string]*net.Interface)
 	if systemInterfaces, err := net.Interfaces(); err == nil {
 		for _, iface := range systemInterfaces {
-			// Need a copy of the interface so we can take the address
-			temp := iface
-			sysInterfaceMap[temp.Name] = &temp
+			iface := iface
+			sysInterfaceMap[iface.Name] = &iface
 		}
 	} else {
 		return err
@@ -46,6 +53,7 @@ func downNetworkInterfaces(interfaces []network.InterfaceGenerator) error {

 	for _, iface := range interfaces {
 		if systemInterface, ok := sysInterfaceMap[iface.Name()]; ok {
+			log.Printf("Taking down interface %q\n", systemInterface.Name)
 			if err := netlink.NetworkLinkDown(systemInterface); err != nil {
 				fmt.Printf("Error while downing interface %q (%s). Continuing...\n", systemInterface.Name, err)
 			}
@@ -55,26 +63,44 @@ func downNetworkInterfaces(interfaces []network.InterfaceGenerator) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func probe8012q() error {
+func maybeProbe8012q(interfaces []network.InterfaceGenerator) error {
+	for _, iface := range interfaces {
+		if iface.Type() == "vlan" {
+			log.Printf("Probing LKM %q (%q)\n", "8021q", "8021q")
 			return exec.Command("modprobe", "8021q").Run()
 		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func maybeProbeBonding(interfaces []network.InterfaceGenerator) error {
+	for _, iface := range interfaces {
+		if iface.Type() == "bond" {
+			args := append([]string{"bonding"}, strings.Split(iface.ModprobeParams(), " ")...)
+			log.Printf("Probing LKM %q (%q)\n", "bonding", args)
+			return exec.Command("modprobe", args...).Run()
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

 func restartNetworkd() error {
-	_, err := RunUnitCommand("restart", "systemd-networkd.service")
+	log.Printf("Restarting networkd.service\n")
+	_, err := NewUnitManager("").RunUnitCommand("restart", "systemd-networkd.service")
 	return err
 }

 func WriteNetworkdConfigs(interfaces []network.InterfaceGenerator) error {
 	for _, iface := range interfaces {
-		filename := path.Join(runtimeNetworkPath, fmt.Sprintf("%s.netdev", iface.Filename()))
+		filename := fmt.Sprintf("%s.netdev", iface.Filename())
 		if err := writeConfig(filename, iface.Netdev()); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		filename = path.Join(runtimeNetworkPath, fmt.Sprintf("%s.link", iface.Filename()))
+		filename = fmt.Sprintf("%s.link", iface.Filename())
 		if err := writeConfig(filename, iface.Link()); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		filename = path.Join(runtimeNetworkPath, fmt.Sprintf("%s.network", iface.Filename()))
+		filename = fmt.Sprintf("%s.network", iface.Filename())
 		if err := writeConfig(filename, iface.Network()); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -86,6 +112,7 @@ func writeConfig(filename string, config string) error {
 	if config == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
-
-	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, []byte(config), 0444)
+	log.Printf("Writing networkd unit %q\n", filename)
+	_, err := WriteFile(&File{Content: config, Path: filename}, runtimeNetworkPath)
+	return err
 }
--- a/system/systemd.go
+++ b/system/systemd.go
@@ -13,63 +13,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus"
 )

+func NewUnitManager(root string) UnitManager {
+	return &systemd{root}
+}
+
+type systemd struct {
+	root string
+}
+
 // fakeMachineID is placed on non-usr CoreOS images and should
 // never be used as a true MachineID
 const fakeMachineID = "42000000000000000000000000000042"

-// Name for drop-in service configuration files created by cloudconfig
-const cloudConfigDropIn = "20-cloudinit.conf"
-
-type Unit struct {
-	Name    string
-	Mask    bool
-	Enable  bool
-	Runtime bool
-	Content string
-	Command string
-
-	// For drop-in units, a cloudinit.conf is generated.
-	// This is currently unbound in YAML (and hence unsettable in cloud-config files)
-	// until the correct behaviour for multiple drop-in units is determined.
-	DropIn bool `yaml:"-"`
-}
-
-func (u *Unit) Type() string {
-	ext := filepath.Ext(u.Name)
-	return strings.TrimLeft(ext, ".")
-}
-
-func (u *Unit) Group() (group string) {
-	t := u.Type()
-	if t == "network" || t == "netdev" || t == "link" {
-		group = "network"
-	} else {
-		group = "system"
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-type Script []byte
-
-// Destination builds the appropriate absolute file path for
-// the Unit. The root argument indicates the effective base
-// directory of the system (similar to a chroot).
-func (u *Unit) Destination(root string) string {
-	dir := "etc"
-	if u.Runtime {
-		dir = "run"
-	}
-
-	if u.DropIn {
-		return path.Join(root, dir, "systemd", u.Group(), fmt.Sprintf("%s.d", u.Name), cloudConfigDropIn)
-	} else {
-		return path.Join(root, dir, "systemd", u.Group(), u.Name)
-	}
-}
-
 // PlaceUnit writes a unit file at the provided destination, creating
 // parent directories as necessary.
-func PlaceUnit(u *Unit, dst string) error {
+func (s *systemd) PlaceUnit(u *Unit, dst string) error {
 	dir := filepath.Dir(dst)
 	if _, err := os.Stat(dir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, os.FileMode(0755)); err != nil {
@@ -91,7 +49,7 @@ func PlaceUnit(u *Unit, dst string) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func EnableUnitFile(unit string, runtime bool) error {
+func (s *systemd) EnableUnitFile(unit string, runtime bool) error {
 	conn, err := dbus.New()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -102,7 +60,7 @@ func EnableUnitFile(unit string, runtime bool) error {
 	return err
 }

-func RunUnitCommand(command, unit string) (string, error) {
+func (s *systemd) RunUnitCommand(command, unit string) (string, error) {
 	conn, err := dbus.New()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
@@ -131,7 +89,7 @@ func RunUnitCommand(command, unit string) (string, error) {
 	return fn(unit, "replace")
 }

-func DaemonReload() error {
+func (s *systemd) DaemonReload() error {
 	conn, err := dbus.New()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -140,6 +98,57 @@ func DaemonReload() error {
 	return conn.Reload()
 }

+// MaskUnit masks the given Unit by symlinking its unit file to
+// /dev/null, analogous to `systemctl mask`.
+// N.B.: Unlike `systemctl mask`, this function will *remove any existing unit
+// file at the location*, to ensure that the mask will succeed.
+func (s *systemd) MaskUnit(unit *Unit) error {
+	masked := unit.Destination(s.root)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(masked); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(masked), os.FileMode(0755)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else if err := os.Remove(masked); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.Symlink("/dev/null", masked)
+}
+
+// UnmaskUnit is analogous to systemd's unit_file_unmask. If the file
+// associated with the given Unit is empty or appears to be a symlink to
+// /dev/null, it is removed.
+func (s *systemd) UnmaskUnit(unit *Unit) error {
+	masked := unit.Destination(s.root)
+	ne, err := nullOrEmpty(masked)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !ne {
+		log.Printf("%s is not null or empty, refusing to unmask", masked)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return os.Remove(masked)
+}
+
+// nullOrEmpty checks whether a given path appears to be an empty regular file
+// or a symlink to /dev/null
+func nullOrEmpty(path string) (bool, error) {
+	fi, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	m := fi.Mode()
+	if m.IsRegular() && fi.Size() <= 0 {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	if m&os.ModeCharDevice > 0 {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
 func ExecuteScript(scriptPath string) (string, error) {
 	props := []dbus.Property{
 		dbus.PropDescription("Unit generated and executed by coreos-cloudinit on behalf of user"),
@@ -178,54 +187,3 @@ func MachineID(root string) string {

 	return id
 }
-
-// MaskUnit masks the given Unit by symlinking its unit file to
-// /dev/null, analogous to `systemctl mask`.
-// N.B.: Unlike `systemctl mask`, this function will *remove any existing unit
-// file at the location*, to ensure that the mask will succeed.
-func MaskUnit(unit *Unit, root string) error {
-	masked := unit.Destination(root)
-	if _, err := os.Stat(masked); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(masked), os.FileMode(0755)); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} else if err := os.Remove(masked); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return os.Symlink("/dev/null", masked)
-}
-
-// UnmaskUnit is analogous to systemd's unit_file_unmask. If the file
-// associated with the given Unit is empty or appears to be a symlink to
-// /dev/null, it is removed.
-func UnmaskUnit(unit *Unit, root string) error {
-	masked := unit.Destination(root)
-	ne, err := nullOrEmpty(masked)
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return nil
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if !ne {
-		log.Printf("%s is not null or empty, refusing to unmask", masked)
-		return nil
-	}
-	return os.Remove(masked)
-}
-
-// nullOrEmpty checks whether a given path appears to be an empty regular file
-// or a symlink to /dev/null
-func nullOrEmpty(path string) (bool, error) {
-	fi, err := os.Stat(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	m := fi.Mode()
-	if m.IsRegular() && fi.Size() <= 0 {
-		return true, nil
-	}
-	if m&os.ModeCharDevice > 0 {
-		return true, nil
-	}
-	return false, nil
-}
--- a/system/systemd_test.go
+++ b/system/systemd_test.go
@@ -25,13 +25,15 @@ Address=10.209.171.177/19
 	}
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

+	sd := &systemd{dir}
+
 	dst := u.Destination(dir)
 	expectDst := path.Join(dir, "run", "systemd", "network", "50-eth0.network")
 	if dst != expectDst {
 		t.Fatalf("unit.Destination returned %s, expected %s", dst, expectDst)
 	}

-	if err := PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
+	if err := sd.PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("PlaceUnit failed: %v", err)
 	}

@@ -100,13 +102,15 @@ Where=/media/state
 	}
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

+	sd := &systemd{dir}
+
 	dst := u.Destination(dir)
 	expectDst := path.Join(dir, "etc", "systemd", "system", "media-state.mount")
 	if dst != expectDst {
 		t.Fatalf("unit.Destination returned %s, expected %s", dst, expectDst)
 	}

-	if err := PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
+	if err := sd.PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("PlaceUnit failed: %v", err)
 	}

@@ -155,9 +159,11 @@ func TestMaskUnit(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

+	sd := &systemd{dir}
+
 	// Ensure mask works with units that do not currently exist
 	uf := &Unit{Name: "foo.service"}
-	if err := MaskUnit(uf, dir); err != nil {
+	if err := sd.MaskUnit(uf); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to mask new unit: %v", err)
 	}
 	fooPath := path.Join(dir, "etc", "systemd", "system", "foo.service")
@@ -175,7 +181,7 @@ func TestMaskUnit(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := os.Create(barPath); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Error creating new unit file: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := MaskUnit(ub, dir); err != nil {
+	if err := sd.MaskUnit(ub); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to mask existing unit: %v", err)
 	}
 	barTgt, err := os.Readlink(barPath)
@@ -194,8 +200,10 @@ func TestUnmaskUnit(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

+	sd := &systemd{dir}
+
 	nilUnit := &Unit{Name: "null.service"}
-	if err := UnmaskUnit(nilUnit, dir); err != nil {
+	if err := sd.UnmaskUnit(nilUnit); err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected error from unmasking nonexistent unit: %v", err)
 	}

@@ -211,7 +219,7 @@ func TestUnmaskUnit(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(dst, []byte(uf.Content), 700); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to write unit file: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := UnmaskUnit(uf, dir); err != nil {
+	if err := sd.UnmaskUnit(uf); err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("unmask of non-empty unit returned unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
 	got, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(dst)
@@ -224,7 +232,7 @@ func TestUnmaskUnit(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := os.Symlink("/dev/null", dst); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to create masked unit: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := UnmaskUnit(ub, dir); err != nil {
+	if err := sd.UnmaskUnit(ub); err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("unmask of unit returned unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
 	if _, err := os.Stat(dst); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
--- a/system/unit.go
+++ b/system/unit.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Name for drop-in service configuration files created by cloudconfig
+const cloudConfigDropIn = "20-cloudinit.conf"
+
+type UnitManager interface {
+	PlaceUnit(unit *Unit, dst string) error
+	EnableUnitFile(unit string, runtime bool) error
+	RunUnitCommand(command, unit string) (string, error)
+	DaemonReload() error
+	MaskUnit(unit *Unit) error
+	UnmaskUnit(unit *Unit) error
+}
+
+type Unit struct {
+	Name    string
+	Mask    bool
+	Enable  bool
+	Runtime bool
+	Content string
+	Command string
+
+	// For drop-in units, a cloudinit.conf is generated.
+	// This is currently unbound in YAML (and hence unsettable in cloud-config files)
+	// until the correct behaviour for multiple drop-in units is determined.
+	DropIn bool `yaml:"-"`
+}
+
+func (u *Unit) Type() string {
+	ext := filepath.Ext(u.Name)
+	return strings.TrimLeft(ext, ".")
+}
+
+func (u *Unit) Group() (group string) {
+	t := u.Type()
+	if t == "network" || t == "netdev" || t == "link" {
+		group = "network"
+	} else {
+		group = "system"
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+type Script []byte
+
+// Destination builds the appropriate absolute file path for
+// the Unit. The root argument indicates the effective base
+// directory of the system (similar to a chroot).
+func (u *Unit) Destination(root string) string {
+	dir := "etc"
+	if u.Runtime {
+		dir = "run"
+	}
+
+	if u.DropIn {
+		return path.Join(root, dir, "systemd", u.Group(), fmt.Sprintf("%s.d", u.Name), cloudConfigDropIn)
+	} else {
+		return path.Join(root, dir, "systemd", u.Group(), u.Name)
+	}
+}
--- a/22
+++ b/22
@@ -13,12 +13,24 @@ COVER=${COVER:-"-cover"}

 source ./build

-declare -a TESTPKGS=(initialize system datasource pkg network)
+declare -a TESTPKGS=(initialize
+                     system
+                     datasource
+                     datasource/configdrive
+                     datasource/file
+                     datasource/metadata
+                     datasource/metadata/cloudsigma
+                     datasource/metadata/digitalocean
+                     datasource/metadata/ec2
+                     datasource/proc_cmdline
+                     datasource/url
+                     pkg
+                     network)

 if [ -z "$PKG" ]; then
-	GOFMTPATH="$TESTPKGS coreos-cloudinit.go"
+	GOFMTPATH="${TESTPKGS[*]} coreos-cloudinit.go"
 	# prepend repo path to each package
-	TESTPKGS="${TESTPKGS[@]/#/${REPO_PATH}/} ./"
+	TESTPKGS="${TESTPKGS[*]/#/${REPO_PATH}/} ./"
 else
 	GOFMTPATH="$TESTPKGS"
 	# strip out slashes and dots from PKG=./foo/
@@ -33,5 +45,9 @@ go test ${COVER} $@ ${TESTPKGS}

 echo "Checking gofmt..."
 fmtRes=$(gofmt -l $GOFMTPATH)
+if [ -n "$fmtRes" ]; then
+	echo "$fmtRes"
+	exit 1
+fi

 echo "Success"
--- a/third_party/github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo/LICENSE
+++ b/third_party/github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
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+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
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+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
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+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
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+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
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+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
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+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
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+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
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+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
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+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
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+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
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+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
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+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
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+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner}
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+
--- a/third_party/github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo/README.md
+++ b/third_party/github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+cepgo
+=====
+
+Cepko implements easy-to-use communication with CloudSigma's VMs through a
+virtual serial port without bothering with formatting the messages properly nor
+parsing the output with the specific and sometimes confusing shell tools for
+that purpose.
+
+Having the server definition accessible by the VM can be useful in various
+ways. For example it is possible to easily determine from within the VM, which
+network interfaces are connected to public and which to private network.
+Another use is to pass some data to initial VM setup scripts, like setting the
+hostname to the VM name or passing ssh public keys through server meta.
+
+Example usage:
+
+    package main
+
+    import (
+            "fmt"
+
+            "github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo"
+    )
+
+    func main() {
+            c := cepgo.NewCepgo()
+            result, err := c.Meta()
+            if err != nil {
+                    panic(err)
+            }
+            fmt.Printf("%#v", result)
+    }
+
+Output:
+
+    map[string]interface {}{
+        "optimize_for":"custom",
+        "ssh_public_key":"ssh-rsa AAA...",
+        "description":"[...]",
+    }
+
+For more information take a look at the Server Context section of CloudSigma
+API Docs: http://cloudsigma-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/server_context.html
--- a/third_party/github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo/cepgo.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo/cepgo.go
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// Cepko implements easy-to-use communication with CloudSigma's VMs through a
+// virtual serial port without bothering with formatting the messages properly
+// nor parsing the output with the specific and sometimes confusing shell tools
+// for that purpose.
+//
+// Having the server definition accessible by the VM can be useful in various
+// ways. For example it is possible to easily determine from within the VM,
+// which network interfaces are connected to public and which to private
+// network. Another use is to pass some data to initial VM setup scripts, like
+// setting the hostname to the VM name or passing ssh public keys through
+// server meta.
+//
+// Example usage:
+//
+//   package main
+//
+//   import (
+//           "fmt"
+//
+//           "github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo"
+//   )
+//
+//   func main() {
+//           c := cepgo.NewCepgo()
+//           result, err := c.Meta()
+//           if err != nil {
+//                   panic(err)
+//           }
+//           fmt.Printf("%#v", result)
+//   }
+//
+// Output:
+//
+//   map[string]string{
+//   	"optimize_for":"custom",
+//   	"ssh_public_key":"ssh-rsa AAA...",
+//   	"description":"[...]",
+//   }
+//
+// For more information take a look at the Server Context section API Docs:
+// http://cloudsigma-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/server_context.html
+package cepgo
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial"
+)
+
+const (
+	requestPattern = "<\n%s\n>"
+	EOT            = '\x04' // End Of Transmission
+)
+
+var (
+	SerialPort string = "/dev/ttyS1"
+	Baud       int    = 115200
+)
+
+// Sets the serial port. If the operating system is windows CloudSigma's server
+// context is at COM2 port, otherwise (linux, freebsd, darwin) the port is
+// being left to the default /dev/ttyS1.
+func init() {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		SerialPort = "COM2"
+	}
+}
+
+// The default fetcher makes the connection to the serial port,
+// writes given query and reads until the EOT symbol.
+func fetchViaSerialPort(key string) ([]byte, error) {
+	config := &serial.Config{Name: SerialPort, Baud: Baud}
+	connection, err := serial.OpenPort(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(requestPattern, key)
+	if _, err := connection.Write([]byte(query)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	reader := bufio.NewReader(connection)
+	answer, err := reader.ReadBytes(EOT)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return answer[0 : len(answer)-1], nil
+}
+
+// Queries to the serial port can be executed only from instance of this type.
+// The result from each of them can be either interface{}, map[string]string or
+// a single in case of single value is returned. There is also a public metod
+// who directly calls the fetcher and returns raw []byte from the serial port.
+type Cepgo struct {
+	fetcher func(string) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// Creates a Cepgo instance with the default serial port fetcher.
+func NewCepgo() *Cepgo {
+	cepgo := new(Cepgo)
+	cepgo.fetcher = fetchViaSerialPort
+	return cepgo
+}
+
+// Creates a Cepgo instance with custom fetcher.
+func NewCepgoFetcher(fetcher func(string) ([]byte, error)) *Cepgo {
+	cepgo := new(Cepgo)
+	cepgo.fetcher = fetcher
+	return cepgo
+}
+
+// Fetches raw []byte from the serial port using directly the fetcher member.
+func (c *Cepgo) FetchRaw(key string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return c.fetcher(key)
+}
+
+// Fetches a single key and tries to unmarshal the result to json and returns
+// it. If the unmarshalling fails it's safe to assume the result it's just a
+// string and returns it.
+func (c *Cepgo) Key(key string) (interface{}, error) {
+	var result interface{}
+
+	fetched, err := c.FetchRaw(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = json.Unmarshal(fetched, &result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return string(fetched), nil
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// Fetches all the server context. Equivalent of c.Key("")
+func (c *Cepgo) All() (interface{}, error) {
+	return c.Key("")
+}
+
+// Fetches only the object meta field and makes sure to return a proper
+// map[string]string
+func (c *Cepgo) Meta() (map[string]string, error) {
+	rawMeta, err := c.Key("/meta/")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return typeAssertToMapOfStrings(rawMeta)
+}
+
+// Fetches only the global context and makes sure to return a proper
+// map[string]string
+func (c *Cepgo) GlobalContext() (map[string]string, error) {
+	rawContext, err := c.Key("/global_context/")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return typeAssertToMapOfStrings(rawContext)
+}
+
+// Just a little helper function that uses type assertions in order to convert
+// a interface{} to map[string]string if this is possible.
+func typeAssertToMapOfStrings(raw interface{}) (map[string]string, error) {
+	result := make(map[string]string)
+
+	dictionary, ok := raw.(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("Received bytes are formatted badly")
+	}
+
+	for key, rawValue := range dictionary {
+		if value, ok := rawValue.(string); ok {
+			result[key] = value
+		} else {
+			return nil, errors.New("Server context metadata is formatted badly")
+		}
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
--- a/third_party/github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo/cepgo_test.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo/cepgo_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package cepgo
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func fetchMock(key string) ([]byte, error) {
+	context := []byte(`{
+		"context": true,
+		"cpu": 4000,
+		"cpu_model": null,
+		"cpus_instead_of_cores": false,
+		"enable_numa": false,
+		"global_context": {
+			"some_global_key": "some_global_val"
+		},
+		"grantees": [],
+		"hv_relaxed": false,
+		"hv_tsc": false,
+		"jobs": [],
+		"mem": 4294967296,
+		"meta": {
+			"base64_fields": "cloudinit-user-data",
+			"cloudinit-user-data": "I2Nsb3VkLWNvbmZpZwoKaG9zdG5hbWU6IGNvcmVvczE=",
+			"ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB2NzaC1yc2E.../hQ5D5 john@doe"
+		},
+		"name": "coreos",
+		"nics": [
+			{
+				"runtime": {
+					"interface_type": "public",
+					"ip_v4": {
+						"uuid": "31.171.251.74"
+					},
+					"ip_v6": null
+				},
+				"vlan": null
+			}
+		],
+		"smp": 2,
+		"status": "running",
+		"uuid": "20a0059b-041e-4d0c-bcc6-9b2852de48b3"
+	}`)
+
+	if key == "" {
+		return context, nil
+	}
+
+	var marshalledContext map[string]interface{}
+
+	err := json.Unmarshal(context, &marshalledContext)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if key[0] == '/' {
+		key = key[1:]
+	}
+	if key[len(key)-1] == '/' {
+		key = key[:len(key)-1]
+	}
+
+	return json.Marshal(marshalledContext[key])
+}
+
+func TestAll(t *testing.T) {
+	cepgo := NewCepgoFetcher(fetchMock)
+
+	result, err := cepgo.All()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	for _, key := range []string{"meta", "name", "uuid", "global_context"} {
+		if _, ok := result.(map[string]interface{})[key]; !ok {
+			t.Errorf("%s not in all keys", key)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKey(t *testing.T) {
+	cepgo := NewCepgoFetcher(fetchMock)
+
+	result, err := cepgo.Key("uuid")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := result.(string); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("%#v\n", result)
+
+		t.Error("Fetching the uuid did not return a string")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMeta(t *testing.T) {
+	cepgo := NewCepgoFetcher(fetchMock)
+
+	meta, err := cepgo.Meta()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("%#v\n", meta)
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := meta["ssh_public_key"]; !ok {
+		t.Error("ssh_public_key is not in the meta")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGlobalContext(t *testing.T) {
+	cepgo := NewCepgoFetcher(fetchMock)
+
+	result, err := cepgo.GlobalContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := result["some_global_key"]; !ok {
+		t.Error("some_global_key is not in the global context")
+	}
+}
--- a/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/LICENSE
+++ b/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+   * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
--- a/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/README.md
+++ b/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+GoSerial
+========
+A simple go package to allow you to read and write from the
+serial port as a stream of bytes.
+
+Details
+-------
+It aims to have the same API on all platforms, including windows.  As
+an added bonus, the windows package does not use cgo, so you can cross
+compile for windows from another platform.  Unfortunately goinstall
+does not currently let you cross compile so you will have to do it
+manually:
+
+    GOOS=windows make clean install
+
+Currently there is very little in the way of configurability.  You can
+set the baud rate.  Then you can Read(), Write(), or Close() the
+connection.  Read() will block until at least one byte is returned.
+Write is the same.  There is currently no exposed way to set the
+timeouts, though patches are welcome.
+
+Currently all ports are opened with 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no
+parity, no hardware flow control, and no software flow control.  This
+works fine for many real devices and many faux serial devices
+including usb-to-serial converters and bluetooth serial ports.
+
+You may Read() and Write() simulantiously on the same connection (from
+different goroutines).
+
+Usage
+-----
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+        "github.com/tarm/goserial"
+        "log"
+)
+
+func main() {
+        c := &serial.Config{Name: "COM45", Baud: 115200}
+        s, err := serial.OpenPort(c)
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        
+        n, err := s.Write([]byte("test"))
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        
+        buf := make([]byte, 128)
+        n, err = s.Read(buf)
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        log.Print("%q", buf[:n])
+}
+```
+
+Possible Future Work
+-------------------- 
+- better tests (loopback etc)
--- a/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/basic_test.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/basic_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package serial
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestConnection(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		return
+	}
+	c0 := &Config{Name: "COM5", Baud: 115200}
+
+	/*
+		c1 := new(Config)
+		c1.Name = "COM5"
+		c1.Baud = 115200
+	*/
+
+	s, err := OpenPort(c0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = s.Write([]byte("test"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 128)
+	_, err = s.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// BUG(tarmigan): Add loopback test
+func TestLoopback(t *testing.T) {
+
+}
--- a/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/serial.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/serial.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+Goserial is a simple go package to allow you to read and write from
+the serial port as a stream of bytes.
+
+It aims to have the same API on all platforms, including windows.  As
+an added bonus, the windows package does not use cgo, so you can cross
+compile for windows from another platform.  Unfortunately goinstall
+does not currently let you cross compile so you will have to do it
+manually:
+
+ GOOS=windows make clean install
+
+Currently there is very little in the way of configurability.  You can
+set the baud rate.  Then you can Read(), Write(), or Close() the
+connection.  Read() will block until at least one byte is returned.
+Write is the same.  There is currently no exposed way to set the
+timeouts, though patches are welcome.
+
+Currently all ports are opened with 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no
+parity, no hardware flow control, and no software flow control.  This
+works fine for many real devices and many faux serial devices
+including usb-to-serial converters and bluetooth serial ports.
+
+You may Read() and Write() simulantiously on the same connection (from
+different goroutines).
+
+Example usage:
+
+  package main
+
+  import (
+        "github.com/tarm/goserial"
+        "log"
+  )
+
+  func main() {
+        c := &serial.Config{Name: "COM5", Baud: 115200}
+        s, err := serial.OpenPort(c)
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatal(err)
+        }
+
+        n, err := s.Write([]byte("test"))
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatal(err)
+        }
+
+        buf := make([]byte, 128)
+        n, err = s.Read(buf)
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        log.Print("%q", buf[:n])
+  }
+*/
+package serial
+
+import "io"
+
+// Config contains the information needed to open a serial port.
+//
+// Currently few options are implemented, but more may be added in the
+// future (patches welcome), so it is recommended that you create a
+// new config addressing the fields by name rather than by order.
+//
+// For example:
+//
+//    c0 := &serial.Config{Name: "COM45", Baud: 115200}
+// or
+//    c1 := new(serial.Config)
+//    c1.Name = "/dev/tty.usbserial"
+//    c1.Baud = 115200
+//
+type Config struct {
+	Name string
+	Baud int
+
+	// Size     int // 0 get translated to 8
+	// Parity   SomeNewTypeToGetCorrectDefaultOf_None
+	// StopBits SomeNewTypeToGetCorrectDefaultOf_1
+
+	// RTSFlowControl bool
+	// DTRFlowControl bool
+	// XONFlowControl bool
+
+	// CRLFTranslate bool
+	// TimeoutStuff int
+}
+
+// OpenPort opens a serial port with the specified configuration
+func OpenPort(c *Config) (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
+	return openPort(c.Name, c.Baud)
+}
+
+// func Flush()
+
+// func SendBreak()
+
+// func RegisterBreakHandler(func())
--- a/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/serial_linux.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/serial_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// +build linux,!cgo
+
+package serial
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+func openPort(name string, baud int) (rwc io.ReadWriteCloser, err error) {
+
+	var bauds = map[int]uint32{
+		50:      syscall.B50,
+		75:      syscall.B75,
+		110:     syscall.B110,
+		134:     syscall.B134,
+		150:     syscall.B150,
+		200:     syscall.B200,
+		300:     syscall.B300,
+		600:     syscall.B600,
+		1200:    syscall.B1200,
+		1800:    syscall.B1800,
+		2400:    syscall.B2400,
+		4800:    syscall.B4800,
+		9600:    syscall.B9600,
+		19200:   syscall.B19200,
+		38400:   syscall.B38400,
+		57600:   syscall.B57600,
+		115200:  syscall.B115200,
+		230400:  syscall.B230400,
+		460800:  syscall.B460800,
+		500000:  syscall.B500000,
+		576000:  syscall.B576000,
+		921600:  syscall.B921600,
+		1000000: syscall.B1000000,
+		1152000: syscall.B1152000,
+		1500000: syscall.B1500000,
+		2000000: syscall.B2000000,
+		2500000: syscall.B2500000,
+		3000000: syscall.B3000000,
+		3500000: syscall.B3500000,
+		4000000: syscall.B4000000,
+	}
+
+	rate := bauds[baud]
+
+	if rate == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(name, syscall.O_RDWR|syscall.O_NOCTTY|syscall.O_NONBLOCK, 0666)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil && f != nil {
+			f.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	fd := f.Fd()
+	t := syscall.Termios{
+		Iflag:  syscall.IGNPAR,
+		Cflag:  syscall.CS8 | syscall.CREAD | syscall.CLOCAL | rate,
+		Cc:     [32]uint8{syscall.VMIN: 1},
+		Ispeed: rate,
+		Ospeed: rate,
+	}
+
+	if _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
+		syscall.SYS_IOCTL,
+		uintptr(fd),
+		uintptr(syscall.TCSETS),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&t)),
+		0,
+		0,
+		0,
+	); errno != 0 {
+		return nil, errno
+	}
+
+	if err = syscall.SetNonblock(int(fd), false); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return f, nil
+}
--- a/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/serial_posix.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/serial_posix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// +build !windows,cgo
+
+package serial
+
+// #include <termios.h>
+// #include <unistd.h>
+import "C"
+
+// TODO: Maybe change to using syscall package + ioctl instead of cgo
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+	//"unsafe"
+)
+
+func openPort(name string, baud int) (rwc io.ReadWriteCloser, err error) {
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(name, syscall.O_RDWR|syscall.O_NOCTTY|syscall.O_NONBLOCK, 0666)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	fd := C.int(f.Fd())
+	if C.isatty(fd) != 1 {
+		f.Close()
+		return nil, errors.New("File is not a tty")
+	}
+
+	var st C.struct_termios
+	_, err = C.tcgetattr(fd, &st)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var speed C.speed_t
+	switch baud {
+	case 115200:
+		speed = C.B115200
+	case 57600:
+		speed = C.B57600
+	case 38400:
+		speed = C.B38400
+	case 19200:
+		speed = C.B19200
+	case 9600:
+		speed = C.B9600
+	case 4800:
+		speed = C.B4800
+	case 2400:
+		speed = C.B2400
+	default:
+		f.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unknown baud rate %v", baud)
+	}
+
+	_, err = C.cfsetispeed(&st, speed)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	_, err = C.cfsetospeed(&st, speed)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Select local mode
+	st.c_cflag |= (C.CLOCAL | C.CREAD)
+
+	// Select raw mode
+	st.c_lflag &= ^C.tcflag_t(C.ICANON | C.ECHO | C.ECHOE | C.ISIG)
+	st.c_oflag &= ^C.tcflag_t(C.OPOST)
+
+	_, err = C.tcsetattr(fd, C.TCSANOW, &st)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	//fmt.Println("Tweaking", name)
+	r1, _, e := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_FCNTL,
+		uintptr(f.Fd()),
+		uintptr(syscall.F_SETFL),
+		uintptr(0))
+	if e != 0 || r1 != 0 {
+		s := fmt.Sprint("Clearing NONBLOCK syscall error:", e, r1)
+		f.Close()
+		return nil, errors.New(s)
+	}
+
+	/*
+				r1, _, e = syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_IOCTL,
+			                uintptr(f.Fd()),
+			                uintptr(0x80045402), // IOSSIOSPEED
+			                uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&baud)));
+			        if e != 0 || r1 != 0 {
+			                s := fmt.Sprint("Baudrate syscall error:", e, r1)
+					f.Close()
+		                        return nil, os.NewError(s)
+				}
+	*/
+
+	return f, nil
+}
--- a/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/serial_windows.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/tarm/goserial/serial_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+// +build windows
+
+package serial
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+type serialPort struct {
+	f  *os.File
+	fd syscall.Handle
+	rl sync.Mutex
+	wl sync.Mutex
+	ro *syscall.Overlapped
+	wo *syscall.Overlapped
+}
+
+type structDCB struct {
+	DCBlength, BaudRate                            uint32
+	flags                                          [4]byte
+	wReserved, XonLim, XoffLim                     uint16
+	ByteSize, Parity, StopBits                     byte
+	XonChar, XoffChar, ErrorChar, EofChar, EvtChar byte
+	wReserved1                                     uint16
+}
+
+type structTimeouts struct {
+	ReadIntervalTimeout         uint32
+	ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier  uint32
+	ReadTotalTimeoutConstant    uint32
+	WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier uint32
+	WriteTotalTimeoutConstant   uint32
+}
+
+func openPort(name string, baud int) (rwc io.ReadWriteCloser, err error) {
+	if len(name) > 0 && name[0] != '\\' {
+		name = "\\\\.\\" + name
+	}
+
+	h, err := syscall.CreateFile(syscall.StringToUTF16Ptr(name),
+		syscall.GENERIC_READ|syscall.GENERIC_WRITE,
+		0,
+		nil,
+		syscall.OPEN_EXISTING,
+		syscall.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|syscall.FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
+		0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	f := os.NewFile(uintptr(h), name)
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			f.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err = setCommState(h, baud); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err = setupComm(h, 64, 64); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err = setCommTimeouts(h); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err = setCommMask(h); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	ro, err := newOverlapped()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	wo, err := newOverlapped()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	port := new(serialPort)
+	port.f = f
+	port.fd = h
+	port.ro = ro
+	port.wo = wo
+
+	return port, nil
+}
+
+func (p *serialPort) Close() error {
+	return p.f.Close()
+}
+
+func (p *serialPort) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
+	p.wl.Lock()
+	defer p.wl.Unlock()
+
+	if err := resetEvent(p.wo.HEvent); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	var n uint32
+	err := syscall.WriteFile(p.fd, buf, &n, p.wo)
+	if err != nil && err != syscall.ERROR_IO_PENDING {
+		return int(n), err
+	}
+	return getOverlappedResult(p.fd, p.wo)
+}
+
+func (p *serialPort) Read(buf []byte) (int, error) {
+	if p == nil || p.f == nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("Invalid port on read %v %v", p, p.f)
+	}
+
+	p.rl.Lock()
+	defer p.rl.Unlock()
+
+	if err := resetEvent(p.ro.HEvent); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	var done uint32
+	err := syscall.ReadFile(p.fd, buf, &done, p.ro)
+	if err != nil && err != syscall.ERROR_IO_PENDING {
+		return int(done), err
+	}
+	return getOverlappedResult(p.fd, p.ro)
+}
+
+var (
+	nSetCommState,
+	nSetCommTimeouts,
+	nSetCommMask,
+	nSetupComm,
+	nGetOverlappedResult,
+	nCreateEvent,
+	nResetEvent uintptr
+)
+
+func init() {
+	k32, err := syscall.LoadLibrary("kernel32.dll")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic("LoadLibrary " + err.Error())
+	}
+	defer syscall.FreeLibrary(k32)
+
+	nSetCommState = getProcAddr(k32, "SetCommState")
+	nSetCommTimeouts = getProcAddr(k32, "SetCommTimeouts")
+	nSetCommMask = getProcAddr(k32, "SetCommMask")
+	nSetupComm = getProcAddr(k32, "SetupComm")
+	nGetOverlappedResult = getProcAddr(k32, "GetOverlappedResult")
+	nCreateEvent = getProcAddr(k32, "CreateEventW")
+	nResetEvent = getProcAddr(k32, "ResetEvent")
+}
+
+func getProcAddr(lib syscall.Handle, name string) uintptr {
+	addr, err := syscall.GetProcAddress(lib, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(name + " " + err.Error())
+	}
+	return addr
+}
+
+func setCommState(h syscall.Handle, baud int) error {
+	var params structDCB
+	params.DCBlength = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(params))
+
+	params.flags[0] = 0x01  // fBinary
+	params.flags[0] |= 0x10 // Assert DSR
+
+	params.BaudRate = uint32(baud)
+	params.ByteSize = 8
+
+	r, _, err := syscall.Syscall(nSetCommState, 2, uintptr(h), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&params)), 0)
+	if r == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setCommTimeouts(h syscall.Handle) error {
+	var timeouts structTimeouts
+	const MAXDWORD = 1<<32 - 1
+	timeouts.ReadIntervalTimeout = MAXDWORD
+	timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = MAXDWORD
+	timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = MAXDWORD - 1
+
+	/* From http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363190(v=VS.85).aspx
+
+		 For blocking I/O see below:
+
+		 Remarks:
+
+		 If an application sets ReadIntervalTimeout and
+		 ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier to MAXDWORD and sets
+		 ReadTotalTimeoutConstant to a value greater than zero and
+		 less than MAXDWORD, one of the following occurs when the
+		 ReadFile function is called:
+
+		 If there are any bytes in the input buffer, ReadFile returns
+		       immediately with the bytes in the buffer.
+
+		 If there are no bytes in the input buffer, ReadFile waits
+	               until a byte arrives and then returns immediately.
+
+		 If no bytes arrive within the time specified by
+		       ReadTotalTimeoutConstant, ReadFile times out.
+	*/
+
+	r, _, err := syscall.Syscall(nSetCommTimeouts, 2, uintptr(h), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&timeouts)), 0)
+	if r == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setupComm(h syscall.Handle, in, out int) error {
+	r, _, err := syscall.Syscall(nSetupComm, 3, uintptr(h), uintptr(in), uintptr(out))
+	if r == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setCommMask(h syscall.Handle) error {
+	const EV_RXCHAR = 0x0001
+	r, _, err := syscall.Syscall(nSetCommMask, 2, uintptr(h), EV_RXCHAR, 0)
+	if r == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func resetEvent(h syscall.Handle) error {
+	r, _, err := syscall.Syscall(nResetEvent, 1, uintptr(h), 0, 0)
+	if r == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newOverlapped() (*syscall.Overlapped, error) {
+	var overlapped syscall.Overlapped
+	r, _, err := syscall.Syscall6(nCreateEvent, 4, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+	if r == 0 {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	overlapped.HEvent = syscall.Handle(r)
+	return &overlapped, nil
+}
+
+func getOverlappedResult(h syscall.Handle, overlapped *syscall.Overlapped) (int, error) {
+	var n int
+	r, _, err := syscall.Syscall6(nGetOverlappedResult, 4,
+		uintptr(h),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&n)), 1, 0, 0)
+	if r == 0 {
+		return n, err
+	}
+
+	return n, nil
+}
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/LICENSE
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/LICENSE
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/LICENSE.libyaml
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/LICENSE.libyaml
@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+The following files were ported to Go from C files of libyaml, and thus
+are still covered by their original copyright and license:
+
+    apic.go
+    emitterc.go
+    parserc.go
+    readerc.go
+    scannerc.go
+    writerc.go
+    yamlh.go
+    yamlprivateh.go
+
 Copyright (c) 2006 Kirill Simonov

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
--- a/third_party/gopkg.in/yaml.v1/README.md
+++ b/third_party/gopkg.in/yaml.v1/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# YAML support for the Go language
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+The yaml package enables Go programs to comfortably encode and decode YAML
+values. It was developed within [Canonical](https://www.canonical.com) as
+part of the [juju](https://juju.ubuntu.com) project, and is based on a
+pure Go port of the well-known [libyaml](http://pyyaml.org/wiki/LibYAML)
+C library to parse and generate YAML data quickly and reliably.
+
+Compatibility
+-------------
+
+The yaml package is almost compatible with YAML 1.1, including support for
+anchors, tags, etc. There are still a few missing bits, such as document
+merging, base-60 floats (huh?), and multi-document unmarshalling. These
+features are not hard to add, and will be introduced as necessary.
+
+Installation and usage
+----------------------
+
+The import path for the package is *gopkg.in/yaml.v1*.
+
+To install it, run:
+
+    go get gopkg.in/yaml.v1
+
+API documentation
+-----------------
+
+If opened in a browser, the import path itself leads to the API documentation:
+
+  * [https://gopkg.in/yaml.v1](https://gopkg.in/yaml.v1)
+
+API stability
+-------------
+
+The package API for yaml v1 will remain stable as described in [gopkg.in](https://gopkg.in).
+
+
+License
+-------
+
+The yaml package is licensed under the LGPL with an exception that allows it to be linked statically. Please see the LICENSE file for details.
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+```Go
+package main
+
+import (
+        "fmt"
+        "log"
+
+        "gopkg.in/yaml.v1"
+)
+
+var data = `
+a: Easy!
+b:
+  c: 2
+  d: [3, 4]
+`
+
+type T struct {
+        A string
+        B struct{C int; D []int ",flow"}
+}
+
+func main() {
+        t := T{}
+    
+        err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &t)
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
+        }
+        fmt.Printf("--- t:\n%v\n\n", t)
+    
+        d, err := yaml.Marshal(&t)
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
+        }
+        fmt.Printf("--- t dump:\n%s\n\n", string(d))
+    
+        m := make(map[interface{}]interface{})
+    
+        err = yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &m)
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
+        }
+        fmt.Printf("--- m:\n%v\n\n", m)
+    
+        d, err = yaml.Marshal(&m)
+        if err != nil {
+                log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
+        }
+        fmt.Printf("--- m dump:\n%s\n\n", string(d))
+}
+```
+
+This example will generate the following output:
+
+```
+--- t:
+{Easy! {2 [3 4]}}
+
+--- t dump:
+a: Easy!
+b:
+  c: 2
+  d: [3, 4]
+
+
+--- m:
+map[a:Easy! b:map[c:2 d:[3 4]]]
+
+--- m dump:
+a: Easy!
+b:
+  c: 2
+  d:
+  - 3
+  - 4
+```
+
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/apic.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/apic.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"io"
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/decode.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/decode.go
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"
 )

 const (
@@ -211,6 +212,16 @@ func newDecoder() *decoder {
 //   returned to call SetYAML() with the value of *out once it's defined.
 //
 func (d *decoder) setter(tag string, out *reflect.Value, good *bool) (set func()) {
+	if (*out).Kind() != reflect.Ptr && (*out).CanAddr() {
+		setter, _ := (*out).Addr().Interface().(Setter)
+		if setter != nil {
+			var arg interface{}
+			*out = reflect.ValueOf(&arg).Elem()
+			return func() {
+				*good = setter.SetYAML(tag, arg)
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	again := true
 	for again {
 		again = false
@@ -279,17 +290,20 @@ func (d *decoder) alias(n *node, out reflect.Value) (good bool) {
 	return good
 }

+var durationType = reflect.TypeOf(time.Duration(0))
+
 func (d *decoder) scalar(n *node, out reflect.Value) (good bool) {
 	var tag string
 	var resolved interface{}
 	if n.tag == "" && !n.implicit {
+		tag = "!!str"
 		resolved = n.value
 	} else {
 		tag, resolved = resolve(n.tag, n.value)
+	}
 	if set := d.setter(tag, &out, &good); set != nil {
 		defer set()
 	}
-	}
 	switch out.Kind() {
 	case reflect.String:
 		if resolved != nil {
@@ -320,6 +334,14 @@ func (d *decoder) scalar(n *node, out reflect.Value) (good bool) {
 				out.SetInt(int64(resolved))
 				good = true
 			}
+		case string:
+			if out.Type() == durationType {
+				d, err := time.ParseDuration(resolved)
+				if err == nil {
+					out.SetInt(int64(d))
+					good = true
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
 		switch resolved := resolved.(type) {
@@ -437,6 +459,10 @@ func (d *decoder) mapping(n *node, out reflect.Value) (good bool) {
 	}
 	l := len(n.children)
 	for i := 0; i < l; i += 2 {
+		if isMerge(n.children[i]) {
+			d.merge(n.children[i+1], out)
+			continue
+		}
 		k := reflect.New(kt).Elem()
 		if d.unmarshal(n.children[i], k) {
 			e := reflect.New(et).Elem()
@@ -456,7 +482,12 @@ func (d *decoder) mappingStruct(n *node, out reflect.Value) (good bool) {
 	name := settableValueOf("")
 	l := len(n.children)
 	for i := 0; i < l; i += 2 {
-		if !d.unmarshal(n.children[i], name) {
+		ni := n.children[i]
+		if isMerge(ni) {
+			d.merge(n.children[i+1], out)
+			continue
+		}
+		if !d.unmarshal(ni, name) {
 			continue
 		}
 		if info, ok := sinfo.FieldsMap[name.String()]; ok {
@@ -471,3 +502,37 @@ func (d *decoder) mappingStruct(n *node, out reflect.Value) (good bool) {
 	}
 	return true
 }
+
+func (d *decoder) merge(n *node, out reflect.Value) {
+	const wantMap = "map merge requires map or sequence of maps as the value"
+	switch n.kind {
+	case mappingNode:
+		d.unmarshal(n, out)
+	case aliasNode:
+		an, ok := d.doc.anchors[n.value]
+		if ok && an.kind != mappingNode {
+			panic(wantMap)
+		}
+		d.unmarshal(n, out)
+	case sequenceNode:
+		// Step backwards as earlier nodes take precedence.
+		for i := len(n.children)-1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			ni := n.children[i]
+			if ni.kind == aliasNode {
+				an, ok := d.doc.anchors[ni.value]
+				if ok && an.kind != mappingNode {
+					panic(wantMap)
+				}
+			} else if ni.kind != mappingNode {
+				panic(wantMap)
+			}
+			d.unmarshal(ni, out)
+		}
+	default:
+		panic(wantMap)
+	}
+}
+
+func isMerge(n *node) bool {
+	return n.kind == scalarNode && n.value == "<<" && (n.implicit == true || n.tag == "!!merge" || n.tag == "tag:yaml.org,2002:merge")
+}
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/decode_test.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/decode_test.go
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-package goyaml_test
+package yaml_test

 import (
-	. "launchpad.net/gocheck"
-	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml"
+	. "gopkg.in/check.v1"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v1"
 	"math"
 	"reflect"
+	"time"
 )

 var unmarshalIntTest = 123
@@ -350,6 +351,32 @@ var unmarshalTests = []struct {
 			C inlineB `yaml:",inline"`
 		}{1, inlineB{2, inlineC{3}}},
 	},
+
+	// bug 1243827
+	{
+		"a: -b_c",
+		map[string]interface{}{"a": "-b_c"},
+	},
+	{
+		"a: +b_c",
+		map[string]interface{}{"a": "+b_c"},
+	},
+	{
+		"a: 50cent_of_dollar",
+		map[string]interface{}{"a": "50cent_of_dollar"},
+	},
+
+	// Duration
+	{
+		"a: 3s",
+		map[string]time.Duration{"a": 3 * time.Second},
+	},
+
+	// Issue #24. 
+	{
+		"a: <foo>",
+		map[string]string{"a": "<foo>"},
+	},
 }

 type inlineB struct {
@@ -377,7 +404,7 @@ func (s *S) TestUnmarshal(c *C) {
 			pv := reflect.New(pt.Elem())
 			value = pv.Interface()
 		}
-		err := goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte(item.data), value)
+		err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(item.data), value)
 		c.Assert(err, IsNil, Commentf("Item #%d", i))
 		if t.Kind() == reflect.String {
 			c.Assert(*value.(*string), Equals, item.value, Commentf("Item #%d", i))
@@ -389,7 +416,7 @@ func (s *S) TestUnmarshal(c *C) {

 func (s *S) TestUnmarshalNaN(c *C) {
 	value := map[string]interface{}{}
-	err := goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte("notanum: .NaN"), &value)
+	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte("notanum: .NaN"), &value)
 	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
 	c.Assert(math.IsNaN(value["notanum"].(float64)), Equals, true)
 }
@@ -408,7 +435,7 @@ var unmarshalErrorTests = []struct {
 func (s *S) TestUnmarshalErrors(c *C) {
 	for _, item := range unmarshalErrorTests {
 		var value interface{}
-		err := goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte(item.data), &value)
+		err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(item.data), &value)
 		c.Assert(err, ErrorMatches, item.error, Commentf("Partial unmarshal: %#v", value))
 	}
 }
@@ -421,6 +448,8 @@ var setterTests = []struct {
 	{"_: [1,A]", "!!seq", []interface{}{1, "A"}},
 	{"_: 10", "!!int", 10},
 	{"_: null", "!!null", nil},
+	{`_: BAR!`, "!!str", "BAR!"},
+	{`_: "BAR!"`, "!!str", "BAR!"},
 	{"_: !!foo 'BAR!'", "!!foo", "BAR!"},
 }

@@ -442,17 +471,31 @@ func (o *typeWithSetter) SetYAML(tag string, value interface{}) (ok bool) {
 	return true
 }

-type typeWithSetterField struct {
+type setterPointerType struct {
 	Field *typeWithSetter "_"
 }

-func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWithSetter(c *C) {
+type setterValueType struct {
+	Field typeWithSetter "_"
+}
+
+func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWithPointerSetter(c *C) {
 	for _, item := range setterTests {
-		obj := &typeWithSetterField{}
-		err := goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte(item.data), obj)
+		obj := &setterPointerType{}
+		err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(item.data), obj)
 		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
-		c.Assert(obj.Field, NotNil,
-			Commentf("Pointer not initialized (%#v)", item.value))
+		c.Assert(obj.Field, NotNil, Commentf("Pointer not initialized (%#v)", item.value))
+		c.Assert(obj.Field.tag, Equals, item.tag)
+		c.Assert(obj.Field.value, DeepEquals, item.value)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWithValueSetter(c *C) {
+	for _, item := range setterTests {
+		obj := &setterValueType{}
+		err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(item.data), obj)
+		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
+		c.Assert(obj.Field, NotNil, Commentf("Pointer not initialized (%#v)", item.value))
 		c.Assert(obj.Field.tag, Equals, item.tag)
 		c.Assert(obj.Field.value, DeepEquals, item.value)
 	}
@@ -460,7 +503,7 @@ func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWithSetter(c *C) {

 func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWholeDocumentWithSetter(c *C) {
 	obj := &typeWithSetter{}
-	err := goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte(setterTests[0].data), obj)
+	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(setterTests[0].data), obj)
 	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
 	c.Assert(obj.tag, Equals, setterTests[0].tag)
 	value, ok := obj.value.(map[interface{}]interface{})
@@ -477,8 +520,8 @@ func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWithFalseSetterIgnoresValue(c *C) {
 	}()

 	m := map[string]*typeWithSetter{}
-	data := "{abc: 1, def: 2, ghi: 3, jkl: 4}"
-	err := goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte(data), m)
+	data := `{abc: 1, def: 2, ghi: 3, jkl: 4}`
+	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(data), m)
 	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
 	c.Assert(m["abc"], NotNil)
 	c.Assert(m["def"], IsNil)
@@ -489,6 +532,98 @@ func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWithFalseSetterIgnoresValue(c *C) {
 	c.Assert(m["ghi"].value, Equals, 3)
 }

+// From http://yaml.org/type/merge.html
+var mergeTests = `
+anchors:
+  - &CENTER { "x": 1, "y": 2 }
+  - &LEFT   { "x": 0, "y": 2 }
+  - &BIG    { "r": 10 }
+  - &SMALL  { "r": 1 }
+
+# All the following maps are equal:
+
+plain:
+  # Explicit keys
+  "x": 1
+  "y": 2
+  "r": 10
+  label: center/big
+
+mergeOne:
+  # Merge one map
+  << : *CENTER
+  "r": 10
+  label: center/big
+
+mergeMultiple:
+  # Merge multiple maps
+  << : [ *CENTER, *BIG ]
+  label: center/big
+
+override:
+  # Override
+  << : [ *BIG, *LEFT, *SMALL ]
+  "x": 1
+  label: center/big
+
+shortTag:
+  # Explicit short merge tag
+  !!merge "<<" : [ *CENTER, *BIG ]
+  label: center/big
+
+longTag:
+  # Explicit merge long tag
+  !<tag:yaml.org,2002:merge> "<<" : [ *CENTER, *BIG ]
+  label: center/big
+
+inlineMap:
+  # Inlined map 
+  << : {"x": 1, "y": 2, "r": 10}
+  label: center/big
+
+inlineSequenceMap:
+  # Inlined map in sequence
+  << : [ *CENTER, {"r": 10} ]
+  label: center/big
+`
+
+func (s *S) TestMerge(c *C) {
+	var want = map[interface{}]interface{}{
+		"x":     1,
+		"y":     2,
+		"r":     10,
+		"label": "center/big",
+	}
+
+	var m map[string]interface{}
+	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(mergeTests), &m)
+	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
+	for name, test := range m {
+		if name == "anchors" {
+			continue
+		}
+		c.Assert(test, DeepEquals, want, Commentf("test %q failed", name))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *S) TestMergeStruct(c *C) {
+	type Data struct {
+		X, Y, R int
+		Label   string
+	}
+	want := Data{1, 2, 10, "center/big"}
+
+	var m map[string]Data
+	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(mergeTests), &m)
+	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
+	for name, test := range m {
+		if name == "anchors" {
+			continue
+		}
+		c.Assert(test, Equals, want, Commentf("test %q failed", name))
+	}
+}
+
 //var data []byte
 //func init() {
 //	var err error
@@ -502,7 +637,7 @@ func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWithFalseSetterIgnoresValue(c *C) {
 //	var err error
 //	for i := 0; i < c.N; i++ {
 //		var v map[string]interface{}
-//		err = goyaml.Unmarshal(data, &v)
+//		err = yaml.Unmarshal(data, &v)
 //	}
 //	if err != nil {
 //		panic(err)
@@ -511,9 +646,9 @@ func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWithFalseSetterIgnoresValue(c *C) {
 //
 //func (s *S) BenchmarkMarshal(c *C) {
 //	var v map[string]interface{}
-//	goyaml.Unmarshal(data, &v)
+//	yaml.Unmarshal(data, &v)
 //	c.ResetTimer()
 //	for i := 0; i < c.N; i++ {
-//		goyaml.Marshal(&v)
+//		yaml.Marshal(&v)
 //	}
 //}
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/emitterc.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/emitterc.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"bytes"
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/encode.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/encode.go
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"
 )

 type encoder struct {
@@ -85,7 +86,11 @@ func (e *encoder) marshal(tag string, in reflect.Value) {
 	case reflect.String:
 		e.stringv(tag, in)
 	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		if in.Type() == durationType {
+			e.stringv(tag, reflect.ValueOf(in.Interface().(time.Duration).String()))
+		} else {
 			e.intv(tag, in)
+		}
 	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
 		e.uintv(tag, in)
 	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/encode_test.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/encode_test.go
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-package goyaml_test
+package yaml_test

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	. "launchpad.net/gocheck"
-	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v1"
+	. "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 	"math"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 )

 var marshalIntTest = 123
@@ -212,11 +213,23 @@ var marshalTests = []struct {
 		}{1, inlineB{2, inlineC{3}}},
 		"a: 1\nb: 2\nc: 3\n",
 	},
+
+	// Duration
+	{
+		map[string]time.Duration{"a": 3 * time.Second},
+		"a: 3s\n",
+	},
+
+	// Issue #24. 
+	{
+		map[string]string{"a": "<foo>"},
+		"a: <foo>\n",
+	},
 }

 func (s *S) TestMarshal(c *C) {
 	for _, item := range marshalTests {
-		data, err := goyaml.Marshal(item.value)
+		data, err := yaml.Marshal(item.value)
 		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
 		c.Assert(string(data), Equals, item.data)
 	}
@@ -237,7 +250,7 @@ var marshalErrorTests = []struct {

 func (s *S) TestMarshalErrors(c *C) {
 	for _, item := range marshalErrorTests {
-		_, err := goyaml.Marshal(item.value)
+		_, err := yaml.Marshal(item.value)
 		c.Assert(err, ErrorMatches, item.error)
 	}
 }
@@ -269,12 +282,12 @@ func (s *S) TestMarshalTypeCache(c *C) {
 	var err error
 	func() {
 		type T struct{ A int }
-		data, err = goyaml.Marshal(&T{})
+		data, err = yaml.Marshal(&T{})
 		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
 	}()
 	func() {
 		type T struct{ B int }
-		data, err = goyaml.Marshal(&T{})
+		data, err = yaml.Marshal(&T{})
 		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
 	}()
 	c.Assert(string(data), Equals, "b: 0\n")
@@ -298,7 +311,7 @@ func (s *S) TestMashalWithGetter(c *C) {
 		obj := &typeWithGetterField{}
 		obj.Field.tag = item.tag
 		obj.Field.value = item.value
-		data, err := goyaml.Marshal(obj)
+		data, err := yaml.Marshal(obj)
 		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
 		c.Assert(string(data), Equals, string(item.data))
 	}
@@ -308,7 +321,7 @@ func (s *S) TestUnmarshalWholeDocumentWithGetter(c *C) {
 	obj := &typeWithGetter{}
 	obj.tag = ""
 	obj.value = map[string]string{"hello": "world!"}
-	data, err := goyaml.Marshal(obj)
+	data, err := yaml.Marshal(obj)
 	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
 	c.Assert(string(data), Equals, "hello: world!\n")
 }
@@ -356,7 +369,7 @@ func (s *S) TestSortedOutput(c *C) {
 	for _, k := range order {
 		m[k] = 1
 	}
-	data, err := goyaml.Marshal(m)
+	data, err := yaml.Marshal(m)
 	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
 	out := "\n" + string(data)
 	last := 0
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/parserc.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/parserc.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"bytes"
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/readerc.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/readerc.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"io"
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/resolve.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/resolve.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"math"
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ func init() {
 		t[int(c)] = 'M' // In map
 	}
 	t[int('.')] = '.' // Float (potentially in map)
-	t[int('<')] = '<' // Merge

 	var resolveMapList = []struct {
 		v   interface{}
@@ -45,6 +44,7 @@ func init() {
 		{math.Inf(+1), "!!float", []string{".inf", ".Inf", ".INF"}},
 		{math.Inf(+1), "!!float", []string{"+.inf", "+.Inf", "+.INF"}},
 		{math.Inf(-1), "!!float", []string{"-.inf", "-.Inf", "-.INF"}},
+		{"<<", "!!merge", []string{"<<"}},
 	}

 	m := resolveMap
@@ -113,13 +113,8 @@ func resolve(tag string, in string) (rtag string, out interface{}) {

 	case 'D', 'S':
 		// Int, float, or timestamp.
-		for i := 0; i != len(in); i++ {
-			if in[i] == '_' {
-				in = strings.Replace(in, "_", "", -1)
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		intv, err := strconv.ParseInt(in, 0, 64)
+		plain := strings.Replace(in, "_", "", -1)
+		intv, err := strconv.ParseInt(plain, 0, 64)
 		if err == nil {
 			if intv == int64(int(intv)) {
 				return "!!int", int(intv)
@@ -127,26 +122,23 @@ func resolve(tag string, in string) (rtag string, out interface{}) {
 				return "!!int", intv
 			}
 		}
-		floatv, err := strconv.ParseFloat(in, 64)
+		floatv, err := strconv.ParseFloat(plain, 64)
 		if err == nil {
 			return "!!float", floatv
 		}
-		if strings.HasPrefix(in, "0b") {
-			intv, err := strconv.ParseInt(in[2:], 2, 64)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(plain, "0b") {
+			intv, err := strconv.ParseInt(plain[2:], 2, 64)
 			if err == nil {
 				return "!!int", int(intv)
 			}
-		} else if strings.HasPrefix(in, "-0b") {
-			intv, err := strconv.ParseInt(in[3:], 2, 64)
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(plain, "-0b") {
+			intv, err := strconv.ParseInt(plain[3:], 2, 64)
 			if err == nil {
 				return "!!int", -int(intv)
 			}
 		}
 	// XXX Handle timestamps here.

-	case '<':
-		// XXX Handle merge (<<) here.
-
 	default:
 		panic("resolveTable item not yet handled: " +
 			string([]byte{c}) + " (with " + in + ")")
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/scannerc.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/scannerc.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"bytes"
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/sorter.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/sorter.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"reflect"
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/suite_test.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/suite_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-package goyaml_test
+package yaml_test

 import (
-	. "launchpad.net/gocheck"
+	. "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 	"testing"
 )

--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/writerc.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/writerc.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 // Set the writer error and return false.
 func yaml_emitter_set_writer_error(emitter *yaml_emitter_t, problem string) bool {
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/goyaml.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/goyaml.go
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-// Package goyaml implements YAML support for the Go language.
-package goyaml
+// Package yaml implements YAML support for the Go language.
+//
+// Source code and other details for the project are available at GitHub:
+//
+//   https://github.com/go-yaml/yaml
+//
+package yaml

 import (
 	"errors"
@@ -28,32 +33,31 @@ func handleErr(err *error) {
 	}
 }

-// Objects implementing the goyaml.Setter interface will receive the YAML
-// tag and value via the SetYAML method during unmarshaling, rather than
-// being implicitly assigned by the goyaml machinery.  If setting the value
-// works, the method should return true.  If it returns false, the given
-// value will be omitted from maps and slices.
+// The Setter interface may be implemented by types to do their own custom
+// unmarshalling of YAML values, rather than being implicitly assigned by
+// the yaml package machinery. If setting the value works, the method should
+// return true.  If it returns false, the value is considered unsupported
+// and is omitted from maps and slices.
 type Setter interface {
 	SetYAML(tag string, value interface{}) bool
 }

-// Objects implementing the goyaml.Getter interface will get the GetYAML()
-// method called when goyaml is requested to marshal the given value, and
-// the result of this method will be marshaled in place of the actual object.
+// The Getter interface is implemented by types to do their own custom
+// marshalling into a YAML tag and value.
 type Getter interface {
 	GetYAML() (tag string, value interface{})
 }

 // Unmarshal decodes the first document found within the in byte slice
-// and assigns decoded values into the object pointed by out.
+// and assigns decoded values into the out value.
 //
-// Maps, pointers to structs and ints, etc, may all be used as out values.
-// If an internal pointer within a struct is not initialized, goyaml
-// will initialize it if necessary for unmarshalling the provided data,
-// but the struct provided as out must not be a nil pointer.
+// Maps and pointers (to a struct, string, int, etc) are accepted as out
+// values.  If an internal pointer within a struct is not initialized,
+// the yaml package will initialize it if necessary for unmarshalling
+// the provided data. The out parameter must not be nil.
 //
 // The type of the decoded values and the type of out will be considered,
-// and Unmarshal() will do the best possible job to unmarshal values
+// and Unmarshal will do the best possible job to unmarshal values
 // appropriately.  It is NOT considered an error, though, to skip values
 // because they are not available in the decoded YAML, or if they are not
 // compatible with the out value. To ensure something was properly
@@ -61,11 +65,11 @@ type Getter interface {
 // field (usually the zero value).
 //
 // Struct fields are only unmarshalled if they are exported (have an
-// upper case first letter), and will be unmarshalled using the field
-// name lowercased by default. When custom field names are desired, the
-// tag value may be used to tweak the name. Everything before the first
-// comma in the field tag will be used as the name. The values following
-// the comma are used to tweak the marshalling process (see Marshal).
+// upper case first letter), and are unmarshalled using the field name
+// lowercased as the default key. Custom keys may be defined via the
+// "yaml" name in the field tag: the content preceding the first comma
+// is used as the key, and the following comma-separated options are
+// used to tweak the marshalling process (see Marshal).
 // Conflicting names result in a runtime error.
 //
 // For example:
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ type Getter interface {
 //         B int
 //     }
 //     var T t
-//     goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte("a: 1\nb: 2"), &t)
+//     yaml.Unmarshal([]byte("a: 1\nb: 2"), &t)
 //
 // See the documentation of Marshal for the format of tags and a list of
 // supported tag options.
@@ -94,14 +98,16 @@ func Unmarshal(in []byte, out interface{}) (err error) {

 // Marshal serializes the value provided into a YAML document. The structure
 // of the generated document will reflect the structure of the value itself.
-// Maps, pointers to structs and ints, etc, may all be used as the in value.
+// Maps and pointers (to struct, string, int, etc) are accepted as the in value.
 //
-// In the case of struct values, only exported fields will be serialized.
-// The lowercased field name is used as the key for each exported field,
-// but this behavior may be changed using the respective field tag.
-// The tag may also contain flags to tweak the marshalling behavior for
-// the field. Conflicting names result in a runtime error. The tag format
-// accepted is:
+// Struct fields are only unmarshalled if they are exported (have an upper case
+// first letter), and are unmarshalled using the field name lowercased as the
+// default key. Custom keys may be defined via the "yaml" name in the field
+// tag: the content preceding the first comma is used as the key, and the
+// following comma-separated options are used to tweak the marshalling process.
+// Conflicting names result in a runtime error.
+//
+// The field tag format accepted is:
 //
 //     `(...) yaml:"[<key>][,<flag1>[,<flag2>]]" (...)`
 //
@@ -126,8 +132,8 @@ func Unmarshal(in []byte, out interface{}) (err error) {
 //         F int "a,omitempty"
 //         B int
 //     }
-//     goyaml.Marshal(&T{B: 2}) // Returns "b: 2\n"
-//     goyaml.Marshal(&T{F: 1}} // Returns "a: 1\nb: 0\n"
+//     yaml.Marshal(&T{B: 2}) // Returns "b: 2\n"
+//     yaml.Marshal(&T{F: 1}} // Returns "a: 1\nb: 0\n"
 //
 func Marshal(in interface{}) (out []byte, err error) {
 	defer handleErr(&err)
@@ -142,7 +148,7 @@ func Marshal(in interface{}) (out []byte, err error) {
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Maintain a mapping of keys to structure field indexes

-// The code in this section was copied from gobson.
+// The code in this section was copied from mgo/bson.

 // structInfo holds details for the serialization of fields of
 // a given struct.
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/yamlh.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/yamlh.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 import (
 	"io"
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/yamlprivateh.go
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/yamlprivateh.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package goyaml
+package yaml

 const (
 	// The size of the input raw buffer.
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/.bzrignore
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/.bzrignore
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-[568].out
-_*
-*.cgo*.*
-
-yaml-*/stamp-h1
-yaml-*/Makefile
-yaml-*/*/Makefile
-yaml-*/libtool
-yaml-*/config*
-yaml-*/*/*.lo
-yaml-*/*/*.la
-yaml-*/*/.libs
-yaml-*/*/.deps
-yaml-*/tests/*
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/.lbox
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/.lbox
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-propose -cr -for=lp:goyaml
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/.lbox.check
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/.lbox.check
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-set -e
-
-BADFMT=`find * -name '*.go' | xargs gofmt -l`
-if [ -n "$BADFMT" ]; then
-	BADFMT=`echo "$BADFMT" | sed "s/^/  /"`
-	echo -e "gofmt is sad:\n\n$BADFMT"
-	exit 1
-fi
-
-VERSION=`go version | awk '{print $3}'`
-if [ $VERSION == 'devel' ]; then
-	go tool vet \
-		-methods \
-		-printf \
-		-rangeloops \
-		-printfuncs 'ErrorContextf:1,notFoundf:0,badReqErrorf:0,Commitf:0,Snapshotf:0,Debugf:0' \
-		.
-fi
--- a/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/Makefile
+++ b/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml/Makefile
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-include $(GOROOT)/src/Make.inc
-
-YAML=yaml-0.1.3
-LIBYAML=$(PWD)/$(YAML)/src/.libs/libyaml.a
-
-TARG=launchpad.net/goyaml
-
-GOFILES=\
-	goyaml.go\
-	resolve.go\
-
-CGOFILES=\
-	decode.go\
-	encode.go\
-
-CGO_OFILES+=\
-	helpers.o\
-	api.o\
-	scanner.o\
-	reader.o\
-	parser.o\
-	writer.o\
-	emitter.o\
-
-GOFMT=gofmt
-
-BADFMT:=$(shell $(GOFMT) -l $(GOFILES) $(CGOFILES) $(wildcard *_test.go))
-
-all: package
-gofmt: $(BADFMT)
-	@for F in $(BADFMT); do $(GOFMT) -w $$F && echo $$F; done
-
-include $(GOROOT)/src/Make.pkg
-
-ifneq ($(BADFMT),)
-ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),gofmt)
-$(warning WARNING: make gofmt: $(BADFMT))
-endif
-endif
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Alex Crawford	a4a6c281d9	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.10.0	2014-09-11 17:36:38 -07:00
Alex Crawford	17f8733121	Merge pull request #228 from crawford/sub env: add support for escaping environment substitutions	2014-09-11 15:34:03 -07:00
Alex Crawford	7dec922618	env: add support for escaping environment substitutions	2014-09-11 15:30:33 -07:00
Alex Crawford	54d3ae27af	Merge pull request #226 from crawford/oem flags: add oem flag	2014-09-11 13:25:21 -07:00
Alex Crawford	ee2416af64	flags: move the flags into their own namespace	2014-09-11 12:00:17 -07:00
Alex Crawford	cda037f9a5	flags: add oem flag The oem flag will allow each of the OEMs to specify one flag only, acting as a shortcut to their specific configuration. This will allow us to update which options each OEM uses when running cloudinit.	2014-09-11 12:00:17 -07:00
Alex Crawford	549806cf64	Merge pull request #227 from crawford/ipv6 metadata: add support for IPv6 variable substitution	2014-09-11 10:45:33 -07:00
Alex Crawford	56815a6756	metadata: add support for IPv6 variable substitution	2014-09-11 10:43:02 -07:00
Alex Crawford	24a6f7c49c	Merge pull request #225 from crawford/exit userdata: change handling of bad userdata	2014-09-10 19:16:12 -07:00
Alex Crawford	98484be434	userdata: change handling of bad userdata Don't fail after encountering bad userdata. Continue processing the metadata and then exit. This will allow people with bad userdata to actually log in and see the error.	2014-09-10 17:50:23 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	9024659296	Merge pull request #217 from ecnahc515/patch-1 Fix broken link to fleet config	2014-09-09 15:19:18 -07:00
Chance Zibolski	fc6940f7ba	Documentation: More specific link to fleet config. Add an anchor tag to the url to take person directly to config section.	2014-09-09 15:15:55 -07:00
Brian Waldon	f2fd95699b	Merge pull request #224 from bcwaldon/typo docs: fix a typo	2014-09-09 12:36:42 -07:00
bdevloed	65db96cc7c	docs: fix a typo	2014-09-09 12:31:54 -07:00
Alex Crawford	c17b93b5c0	Merge pull request #223 from crawford/yaml third_party: sync third_party/gopkg.in/yaml.v1	2014-09-08 19:28:59 -07:00
Alex Crawford	d352f8ce6a	Merge pull request #222 from crawford/contribute docs: Update maintainers and contribution guide	2014-09-08 15:54:30 -07:00
Alex Crawford	78aa2c56ec	yaml: replace goyaml with yaml	2014-09-08 13:25:27 -07:00
Alex Crawford	c5b3788282	third_party: sync third_party/gopkg.in/yaml.v1 Update launchpad.net/goyaml to gopkg.in/yaml.v1	2014-09-08 13:23:50 -07:00
Alex Crawford	5e98970bb5	docs: Update maintainers and contribution guide	2014-09-08 12:55:17 -07:00
Alex Crawford	cbdd446c55	Merge pull request #220 from crawford/docs docs: Update list of platforms supporting variable substitutions	2014-09-05 11:51:45 -07:00
Alex Crawford	316cadcf44	docs: Update list of platforms supporting variable substitutions	2014-09-04 12:57:19 -07:00
Alex Crawford	5a939be21b	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.6+git	2014-09-02 17:49:09 -07:00
Alex Crawford	8d76c64386	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.6	2014-09-02 17:48:45 -07:00
Alex Crawford	1b854eb51e	Merge pull request #218 from crawford/units units: Ensure that the units are executed in order	2014-09-02 17:40:37 -07:00
Alex Crawford	9fcf338bf3	units: Ensure that the units are executed in order	2014-09-02 17:15:32 -07:00
Alex Crawford	fda72bdb5c	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.5+git	2014-09-02 10:10:59 -07:00
Alex Crawford	685a38c6c8	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.5	2014-09-02 10:10:41 -07:00
Alex Crawford	9d15f2cfaf	Merge pull request #213 from crawford/digitalocean digitalocean: Add support for DigitalOcean	2014-09-01 16:55:12 -07:00
Alex Crawford	2134fce791	digitalocean: Add tests for network unit generation	2014-09-01 16:53:15 -07:00
Alex Crawford	3abd6b2225	digitalocean: Add DigitalOcean metadata service Move debian-related processing into its own file.	2014-09-01 16:53:15 -07:00
Alex Crawford	2a8e6c9566	network: Fall back to MAC address if there is no name	2014-09-01 09:29:45 -07:00
Alex Crawford	abe43537da	metadata: Merge the network config	2014-09-01 09:29:45 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	3a550af651	Merge pull request #216 from robszumski/patch-2 docs: fix broken link to fleet docs	2014-08-29 11:22:13 -07:00
Rob Szumski	61c3a0eb2d	docs: fix broken link to fleet docs	2014-08-29 11:17:05 -07:00
Brian Waldon	480176bc11	Merge pull request #214 from bcwaldon/clarify-write-files doc: clarify docs around write_files	2014-08-28 20:24:11 -07:00
Brian Waldon	01b18eb551	squash: fix spacing	2014-08-28 13:48:58 -07:00
Brian Waldon	970ef435b6	doc: clarify docs around write_files	2014-08-28 13:33:59 -07:00
Alex Crawford	e8d0021140	Merge pull request #212 from crawford/metadata refactor: Refactor metadata and datasources to be more testable	2014-08-26 18:45:10 -07:00
Alex Crawford	e9ec78ac6f	test: Refactor interface tests a little	2014-08-26 13:18:46 -07:00
Alex Crawford	4a2e417781	network: Add support for multiple addresses and HW addresses Logical Interfaces can be assigned a hardware address allowing them to match on MAC address. The static config method also needs to support specifying multiple addresses.	2014-08-26 13:07:38 -07:00
Alex Crawford	604ef7ecb4	datasource: Add FetchNetworkConfig FetchNetworkConfig is currently only used by ConfigDrive to read the network config file from the disk.	2014-08-26 13:04:43 -07:00
Alex Crawford	c39dd5cc67	networkd: Fix bug causing bonding to always be loaded	2014-08-26 13:04:21 -07:00
Alex Crawford	a923161f4a	metadata: Refactor common parts out of ec2	2014-08-26 12:02:56 -07:00
Alex Crawford	e59e2f6cd5	Merge pull request #210 from crawford/test test: Add gofmt to test	2014-08-25 17:04:04 -07:00
Alex Crawford	e90fe3eba8	test: Add gofmt to test	2014-08-25 12:48:52 -07:00
Alex Crawford	fb0187b197	gofmt: sort	2014-08-25 12:35:40 -07:00
Michael Marineau	6babe74716	Merge pull request #209 from marineam/go13 travis: enable testing under go 1.3	2014-08-25 12:26:23 -07:00
Michael Marineau	b1e88284ca	travis: enable testing under go 1.3	2014-08-25 12:21:07 -07:00
Alex Crawford	18a65f7dac	Merge pull request #208 from crawford/go test: Fix tests for Go 1.3	2014-08-25 12:19:52 -07:00
Alex Crawford	0c212c72c9	test: Fix tests for Go 1.3	2014-08-25 12:01:27 -07:00
Alex Crawford	6a800d8cc0	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.4+git	2014-08-24 18:41:20 -07:00
Alex Crawford	5e112147bb	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.4	2014-08-24 18:40:53 -07:00
Alex Crawford	7e78b1563f	Merge pull request #206 from crawford/tests test: Enable tests for CloudSigma datasource	2014-08-24 18:36:38 -07:00
Alex Crawford	ecbe81f103	test: Enable tests for CloudSigma datasource	2014-08-24 17:08:49 -07:00
Alex Crawford	45c20c1dd3	Merge pull request #196 from Vladimiroff/cloudsigma cloudsigma: Add support for CloudSigma datasource	2014-08-15 15:21:33 -07:00
Alex Crawford	8ce925a060	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.3+git	2014-08-15 10:47:28 -07:00
Alex Crawford	eadb6ef42c	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.3	2014-08-15 10:46:46 -07:00
Alex Crawford	7518f0ec93	Merge pull request #204 from crawford/configdrive configdrive: Remove broken support for ec2 metadata	2014-08-15 10:43:26 -07:00
Alex Crawford	f0b9eaf2fe	configdrive: Remove broken support for ec2 metadata As it turns out, certain metadata is only present in the ec2 flavor of metadata (e.g. public_ipv4) and other data is only present in the openstack flavor (e.g. network_config). For now, just read the openstack metadata.	2014-08-15 10:35:21 -07:00
Kiril Vladimirov	7320a2cbf2	feat(datasource/metadata): Add datasource for CloudSigma	2014-08-15 12:08:55 +03:00
Kiril Vladimirov	57950b3ed9	add(goserial): import github.com/tarm/goserial	2014-08-15 12:08:34 +03:00
Kiril Vladimirov	85c6a2a16a	add(cepgo): import github.com/cloudsigma/cepgo	2014-08-15 12:07:58 +03:00
Jonathan Boulle	24b44e86a6	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.2+git	2014-08-12 11:38:51 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	2f52ad4ef8	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.2	2014-08-12 11:38:12 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	735d6c6161	Merge pull request #202 from jonboulle/env environment: write new keys in consistent order	2014-08-11 22:40:42 -07:00
Alex Crawford	1cf275bad6	Merge pull request #201 from crawford/configdrive configdrive: fix root path	2014-08-11 20:11:17 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	f1c97cb4d5	environment: write new keys in consistent order	2014-08-11 18:24:58 -07:00
Alex Crawford	d143904aa9	configdrive: fix root path	2014-08-11 17:57:10 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	c428ce2cc5	Merge pull request #200 from jonboulle/fu initialize: use correct heuristic to check if etcdenvironment is set	2014-08-11 17:44:44 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	dfb5b4fc3a	initialize: use correct heuristic to check if etcdenvironment is set In some circumstances (e.g. nova-agent-watcher) cloudconfig files will be created where the EtcdEnvironment is an empty map, and hence != nil. If this is the case we should not do anything at all (because the user hasn't explicitly asked us to configure etcd). This change standardises behaviour with the check that we already do for FleetEnvironment.	2014-08-11 16:01:08 -07:00
Alex Crawford	97d5538533	Merge pull request #197 from crawford/ec2 datasource: Fix ec2 URLs	2014-08-06 22:45:03 -07:00
Alex Crawford	6b8f82b5d3	datasource: Fix ec2 URLs _ vs -	2014-08-06 21:31:43 -07:00
Alex Crawford	facde6609f	Merge pull request #194 from crawford/metadata datasource: Refactoring datasources	2014-08-06 15:55:13 -07:00
Alex Crawford	d68ae84b37	metadata: Refactor metadata service into ec2 metadata Added more testing.	2014-08-05 17:19:43 -07:00
Alex Crawford	54aa39543b	timeouts: Use After() instead of Tick()	2014-08-04 15:10:14 -07:00
Alex Crawford	8566a2c118	datasource: Move datasources into their own packages.	2014-08-04 15:10:07 -07:00
Alex Crawford	49ac083af5	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.1+git	2014-08-04 14:14:24 -07:00
Alex Crawford	5d65ca230a	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.1	2014-08-04 14:13:51 -07:00
Alex Crawford	38b3e1213a	Merge pull request #188 from crawford/configdrive configdrive: Use the EC2 metadata over OpenStack	2014-08-04 11:12:06 -07:00
Alex Crawford	4eedca26e9	configdrive: Use the EC2 metadata over OpenStack Standardize on specific EC2 and OpenStack versions and add tests.	2014-08-04 10:18:29 -07:00
Brian Waldon	f2b342c8be	doc: escape user.home example	2014-08-01 13:20:44 -07:00
Michael Marineau	c19d8f6b61	Merge pull request #193 from benjic/cloudconfig_variables docs(quick-start): Clarified use of fields in cloud config	2014-07-24 11:02:03 -07:00
Benjamin Campbell	7913f74351	docs(quick-start) Enumerated supported platforms Following suggestion a list of platforms that do support cloud config variables. In addition minor mark up formatting is added.	2014-07-24 11:54:31 -06:00
Benjamin Campbell	5593408be8	docs(quick-start): Clarified use of fields in cloud config Updated the language to illustrate that fields in a cloud config is not supported in all environments. This is expressed explicitly in PXE and install to disk pages. The quick start lacked this information and is inconsistent.	2014-07-24 11:27:35 -06:00
Alex Crawford	7fc67c2acf	Merge pull request #191 from crawford/panic config: Verify that type assertions are valid	2014-07-22 11:51:39 -07:00
Alex Crawford	b093094292	config: Verify that type assertions are valid	2014-07-22 11:39:20 -07:00
Michael Marineau	9a80fd714a	Merge pull request #181 from robszumski/docs-startup fix(docs): clarity around boot behavior and unit usage	2014-07-21 22:12:19 -07:00
Rob Szumski	fef5473881	fix(docs): clarity around boot behavior and unit usage	2014-07-21 21:41:00 -07:00
Alex Crawford	bf5a2b208f	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.0+git	2014-07-21 19:17:14 -07:00
Alex Crawford	364507fb75	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.9.0	2014-07-21 19:16:11 -07:00
Alex Crawford	08d4842502	Merge pull request #190 from crawford/logs Logs	2014-07-21 12:22:41 -07:00
Alex Crawford	21e32e44f8	system: Add more logging for networkd	2014-07-21 11:25:22 -07:00
Alex Crawford	7a06dee16f	system: Cleanup redundant code	2014-07-21 11:24:42 -07:00
Alex Crawford	ff9cf5743d	Merge pull request #187 from crawford/order networkd: Reverse lexicographic order of generated unit files	2014-07-18 13:23:58 -07:00
Alex Crawford	1b10a3a187	networkd: Reverse lexicographic order of generated unit files	2014-07-17 20:47:37 -07:00
Michael Marineau	10838e001d	Merge pull request #186 from robszumski/add-highlighting feat(docs): add syntax highlighting	2014-07-15 15:26:33 -07:00
Rob Szumski	96370ac5b9	feat(docs): add syntax highlighting	2014-07-14 16:16:14 -07:00
Michael Marineau	0b82cd074d	Merge pull request #180 from marineam/systemd_testing chore(*): split out unit processing from config.Apply	2014-07-11 20:09:08 -07:00
Alex Crawford	a974e85103	Merge pull request #174 from crawford/teeth networkd: Fix issues with bonding and VLANs	2014-07-11 15:48:02 -07:00
Michael Marineau	f0450662b0	Merge pull request #183 from marineam/fix tests: fix error messages, use Fatalf	2014-07-11 15:40:54 -07:00
Michael Marineau	03e29d1291	tests: fix error messages, use Fatalf	2014-07-11 15:38:04 -07:00
Michael Marineau	98ae5d88aa	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.9+git	2014-07-11 14:40:57 -07:00
Michael Marineau	bf5d3539c9	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.9	2014-07-11 14:40:34 -07:00
Michael Marineau	5e4cbcd909	Merge pull request #182 from marineam/fix env_file: fix broken test cases	2014-07-11 14:38:56 -07:00
Michael Marineau	a270c4c737	env_file: fix broken test cases TestWriteEnvFileDos2Unix had a copy/paste bug, it shouldn't have asserted that mtime doesn't change because the file is actually being modified in this test. This didn't come up earlier because the actual comparison wasn't using Time.Equal as it should have. Instead switch to comparing inode numbers which is the actual thing I wanted to test for in the first place, just accessing them is much more awkard. Now all tests where it is relevant check the inode in addition to the contents.	2014-07-11 13:35:10 -07:00
Michael Marineau	f356a8a690	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.8+git	2014-07-11 11:13:01 -07:00
Michael Marineau	b1a897d75c	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.8	2014-07-11 11:12:15 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	be51f4eba0	chore(*): split out unit processing from config.Apply	2014-07-11 10:44:19 -07:00
Michael Marineau	a55e2cd49b	Merge pull request #178 from marineam/env Write /etc/environment	2014-07-11 10:39:33 -07:00
Michael Marineau	983501e43b	environment: add support for updating /etc/environment with IP values To maintain the behavior of the coreos-setup-environment that has started to move into cloudinit we need to write out /etc/environment with the public and private addresses, if known. The file is updated so that other contents are not replaced. This behavior is disabled entirely if /etc/environment was written by a write_files entry.	2014-07-11 10:34:44 -07:00
Alex Crawford	e3037f18a6	networkd: Restart networkd twice to work around race https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=76077	2014-07-10 23:40:42 -07:00
Alex Crawford	fe388a3ab6	networkd: Create config directory before writing config	2014-07-10 23:40:42 -07:00
Alex Crawford	c820f2b1cf	bonding: Add support for probing the bonding module with parameters Until support for bonding params is added to networkd, this will be neccessary in order to use bonding parameters (i.e. miimon, mode). This also makes it such that the 8012q module will only be loaded if the network config makes use of VLANs.	2014-07-10 23:40:42 -07:00
Michael Marineau	81824be3bf	system: new file writer for updating env-style files This can be used to safely update config files cloudinit does not have exclusive control over. For example update.conf or /etc/environment.	2014-07-10 15:53:32 -07:00
Michael Marineau	98c26440be	Merge pull request #176 from jayofdoom/master Document need for #cloud-config in cloud-config.yml	2014-07-09 16:41:00 -07:00
Jay Faulkner	3b5fcc393b	Document need for #cloud-config in cloud-config.yml - cloud-config.yml does not work if it's missing the #cloud-config directive at the top. This is undocumented, except in the examples.	2014-07-09 16:36:11 -07:00
Alex Crawford	9528077340	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.7+git	2014-07-02 15:20:45 -07:00
Alex Crawford	4355a05d55	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.7	2014-07-02 15:20:26 -07:00
Alex Crawford	52c44923dd	Merge pull request #173 from crawford/metadata metadata-service: remove check for OpenStack meta_data.json	2014-07-02 15:19:37 -07:00
Alex Crawford	47748ef4b6	metadata-service: remove check for OpenStack meta_data.json The meta_data.json blob under OpenStack doesn't actually contain all of the metadata... Fall back to explicitly requesting each attribute.	2014-07-02 14:38:23 -07:00
Alex Crawford	8eca10200e	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.6+git	2014-07-01 16:17:00 -07:00
Alex Crawford	43be8c8996	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.6	2014-07-01 16:16:41 -07:00
Alex Crawford	19b4b1160e	Merge pull request #171 from crawford/err metadata-service: Handle no user-data	2014-07-01 16:15:32 -07:00
Alex Crawford	ce6fccfb3c	metadata-service: Handle no user-data	2014-07-01 16:10:18 -07:00
Alex Crawford	7d89aefb82	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.5+git	2014-07-01 15:45:49 -07:00
Alex Crawford	2369e2a920	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.5	2014-07-01 15:45:23 -07:00
Alex Crawford	6d808048d3	Merge pull request #170 from crawford/metadata metadata: Fetch the public and private IP addresses	2014-07-01 15:44:14 -07:00
Alex Crawford	276f0b5d99	metadata: Fetch the public and private IP addresses	2014-07-01 14:43:19 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	92bd5ca5d4	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.4+git	2014-07-01 12:16:09 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	5b5ffea126	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.4	2014-07-01 12:15:48 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	18068e9375	Merge pull request #169 from jonboulle/pebkac coreos-cloudinit: apply environment to userdata string	2014-07-01 12:15:06 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	1b3cabb035	coreos-cloudinit: apply environment to userdata string	2014-07-01 12:08:42 -07:00
Jonathan Boulle	1be2bec1c2	coreos-cloudinit: bump to 0.8.3+git	2014-06-30 22:12:13 -07:00