chore(coreos-cloudinit): bump to 0.7.3

Merge pull request #122 from jonboulle/122
ec2-cloudinit service fails after reboot with "reboot-strategy: off"
2014-05-29 14:52:58 -07:00 · 2014-05-29 14:25:58 -07:00 · 2014-05-29 14:02:47 -07:00 · 2014-05-29 13:59:55 -07:00 · 2014-05-29 11:11:18 -07:00 · 2014-05-27 14:02:11 -07:00
71 changed files with 3903 additions and 812 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 *.swp
 bin/
-pkg/
+coverage/
+gopath/
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+language: go
+go: 1.2
+
+install:
+ - go get code.google.com/p/go.tools/cmd/cover
+
+script:
+ - ./test
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# How to Contribute
+
+CoreOS projects are [Apache 2.0 licensed](LICENSE) and accept contributions via
+GitHub pull requests.  This document outlines some of the conventions on
+development workflow, commit message formatting, contact points and other
+resources to make it easier to get your contribution accepted.
+
+# Certificate of Origin
+
+By contributing to this project you agree to the Developer Certificate of
+Origin (DCO). This document was created by the Linux Kernel community and is a
+simple statement that you, as a contributor, have the legal right to make the
+contribution. See the [DCO](DCO) file for details.
+
+# Email and Chat
+
+The project currently uses the general CoreOS email list and IRC channel:
+- Email: [coreos-dev](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/coreos-dev)
+- IRC: #[coreos](irc://irc.freenode.org:6667/#coreos) IRC channel on freenode.org
+
+## Getting Started
+
+- Fork the repository on GitHub
+- Read the [README](README.md) for build and test instructions
+- Play with the project, submit bugs, submit patches!
+
+## Contribution Flow
+
+This is a rough outline of what a contributor's workflow looks like:
+
+- Create a topic branch from where you want to base your work (usually master).
+- Make commits of logical units.
+- Make sure your commit messages are in the proper format (see below).
+- Push your changes to a topic branch in your fork of the repository.
+- Make sure the tests pass, and add any new tests as appropriate.
+- Submit a pull request to the original repository.
+
+Thanks for your contributions!
+
+### Format of the Commit Message
+
+We follow a rough convention for commit messages borrowed from AngularJS. This
+is an example of a commit:
+
+```
+    feat(scripts/test-cluster): add a cluster test command
+
+    this uses tmux to setup a test cluster that you can easily kill and
+    start for debugging.
+```
+
+The format can be described more formally as follows:
+
+```
+<type>(<scope>): <subject>
+<BLANK LINE>
+<body>
+<BLANK LINE>
+<footer>
+```
+
+The first line is the subject and should be no longer than 70 characters, the
+second line is always blank, and other lines should be wrapped at 80 characters.
+This allows the message to be easier to read on GitHub as well as in various
+git tools.
+
+#### Subject Line
+
+The subject line contains a succinct description of the change.
+
+#### Allowed `<type>`s
+- *feat* (feature)
+- *fix* (bug fix)
+- *docs* (documentation)
+- *style* (formatting, missing semi colons, …)
+- *refactor*
+- *test* (when adding missing tests)
+- *chore* (maintain)
+
+#### Allowed `<scope>`s
+
+Scopes can anything specifying the place of the commit change in the code base - 
+for example, "api", "store", etc.
+
+
+For more details on the commit format, see the [AngularJS commit style
+guide](https://docs.google.com/a/coreos.com/document/d/1QrDFcIiPjSLDn3EL15IJygNPiHORgU1_OOAqWjiDU5Y/edit#).
--- a/36
+++ b/36
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+Developer Certificate of Origin
+Version 1.1
+
+Copyright (C) 2004, 2006 The Linux Foundation and its contributors.
+660 York Street, Suite 102,
+San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
+license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
+
+By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
+
+(a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
+    have the right to submit it under the open source license
+    indicated in the file; or
+
+(b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
+    of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
+    license and I have the right under that license to submit that
+    work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
+    by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
+    permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
+    in the file; or
+
+(c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
+    person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
+    it.
+
+(d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
+    are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
+    personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
+    maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
+    this project or the open source license(s) involved.
--- a/Documentation/cloud-config-oem.md
+++ b/Documentation/cloud-config-oem.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+## OEM configuration
+
+The `coreos.oem.*` parameters follow the [os-release spec][os-release], but have been repurposed as a way for coreos-cloudinit to know about the OEM partition on this machine. Customizing this section is only needed when generating a new OEM of CoreOS from the SDK. The fields include:
+
+- **id**: Lowercase string identifying the OEM
+- **name**: Human-friendly string representing the OEM
+- **version-id**: Lowercase string identifying the version of the OEM
+- **home-url**: Link to the homepage of the provider or OEM
+- **bug-report-url**: Link to a place to file bug reports about this OEM
+
+coreos-cloudinit renders these fields to `/etc/oem-release`.
+If no **id** field is provided, coreos-cloudinit will ignore this section.
+
+For example, the following cloud-config document...
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+coreos:
+  oem:
+    id: rackspace
+    name: Rackspace Cloud Servers
+    version-id: 168.0.0
+    home-url: https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/servers/
+    bug-report-url: https://github.com/coreos/coreos-overlay
+```
+
+...would be rendered to the following `/etc/oem-release`:
+
+```
+ID=rackspace
+NAME="Rackspace Cloud Servers"
+VERSION_ID=168.0.0
+HOME_URL="https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/servers/"
+BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/coreos/coreos-overlay"
+```
+
+[os-release]: http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html
--- a/Documentation/cloud-config.md
+++ b/Documentation/cloud-config.md
@@ -1,98 +1,135 @@
-# Customize CoreOS with Cloud-Config
+# Using Cloud-Config

-CoreOS allows you to configure machine parameters, launch systemd units on startup and more. Only a subset of [cloud-config functionality][cloud-config] is implemented. A set of custom parameters were added to the cloud-config format that are specific to CoreOS.
+CoreOS allows you to declaratively customize various OS-level items, such as network configuration, user accounts, and systemd units. This document describes the full list of items we can configure. The `coreos-cloudinit` program uses these files as it configures the OS after startup or during runtime. 

+## Configuration File
+
+The file used by this system initialization program is called a "cloud-config" file. It is inspired by the [cloud-init][cloud-init] project's [cloud-config][cloud-config] file. which is "the defacto multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance" ([cloud-init docs][cloud-init-docs]). Because the cloud-init project includes tools which aren't used by CoreOS, only the relevant subset of its configuration items will be implemented in our cloud-config file. In addition to those, we added a few CoreOS-specific items, such as etcd configuration, OEM definition, and systemd units.
+
+We've designed our implementation to allow the same cloud-config file to work across all of our supported platforms.
+
+[cloud-init]: https://launchpad.net/cloud-init
+[cloud-init-docs]: http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html
 [cloud-config]: http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/format.html#cloud-config-data

-## Supported cloud-config Parameters
+### File Format

-### ssh_authorized_keys
+The cloud-config file uses the [YAML][yaml] file format, which uses whitespace and new-lines to delimit lists, associative arrays, and values.

-Provided public SSH keys will be authorized for the `core` user.
+A cloud-config file should contain an associative array which has zero or more of the following keys:

-The keys will be named "coreos-cloudinit" by default.
-Override this with the `--ssh-key-name` flag when calling `coreos-cloudinit`.
+- `coreos`
+- `ssh_authorized_keys`
+- `hostname`
+- `users`
+- `write_files`
+- `manage_etc_hosts`

-#### users
+The expected values for these keys are defined in the rest of this document.

-Add or modify users with the `users` directive by providing a list of user objects, each consisting of the following fields.
-Each field is optional and of type string unless otherwise noted.
-All but the `passwd` and `ssh-authorized-keys` fields will be ignored if the user already exists.
+[yaml]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML

- **name**: Required. Login name of user
- **gecos**: GECOS comment of user
- **passwd**: Hash of the password to use for this user
- **homedir**: User's home directory. Defaults to /home/<name>
- **no-create-home**: Boolean. Skip home directory createion.
- **primary-group**: Default group for the user. Defaults to a new group created named after the user.
- **groups**: Add user to these additional groups
- **no-user-group**: Boolean. Skip default group creation.
- **ssh-authorized-keys**: List of public SSH keys to authorize for this user
- **system**: Create the user as a system user. No home directory will be created.
- **no-log-init**: Boolean. Skip initialization of lastlog and faillog databases.
+### Providing Cloud-Config with Config-Drive

-The following fields are not yet implemented:
+CoreOS tries to conform to each platform's native method to provide user data. Each cloud provider tends to be unique, but this complexity has been abstracted by CoreOS. You can view each platform's instructions on their documentation pages. The most universal way to provide cloud-config is [via config-drive](https://github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/blob/master/Documentation/config-drive.md), which attaches a read-only device to the machine, that contains your cloud-config file.

- **inactive**: Deactivate the user upon creation
- **lock-passwd**: Boolean. Disable password login for user
- **sudo**: Entry to add to /etc/sudoers for user. By default, no sudo access is authorized.
- **selinux-user**: Corresponding SELinux user
- **ssh-import-id**: Import SSH keys by ID from Launchpad.
+## Configuration Parameters

-##### Generating a password hash
+### coreos

-You can generate a safe hash via:
+#### etcd

-    mkpasswd --method=SHA-512 --rounds=4096
+The `coreos.etcd.*` parameters will be translated to a partial systemd unit acting as an etcd configuration file.
+We can use the templating feature of coreos-cloudinit to automate etcd configuration with the `$private_ipv4` and `$public_ipv4` fields. For example, the following cloud-config document...

-Using a higher number of rounds will help create more secure passwords, but given enough time, password hashes can be reversed.
-
-## Custom cloud-config Parameters
-
-### coreos.etcd.discovery_url
-
-The value of `coreos.etcd.discovery_url` will be used to discover the instance's etcd peers using the [etcd discovery protocol][disco-proto]. Usage of the [public discovery service][disco-service] is encouraged.
-
-[disco-proto]: https://github.com/coreos/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/discovery-protocol.md
-[disco-service]: http://discovery.etcd.io
-
-### coreos.units
-
-Arbitrary systemd units may be provided in the `coreos.units` attribute.
-`coreos.units` is a list of objects with the following fields:
-
- **name**: string representing unit's name
- **runtime**: boolean indicating whether or not to persist the unit across reboots. This is analagous to the `--runtime` flag to `systemd enable`.
- **content**: plaintext string representing entire unit file
-
-See docker example below.
-
-## user-data Script
-
-Simply set your user-data to a script where the first line is a shebang:
-
-```
-#!/bin/bash
-
-echo 'Hello, world!'
-```
-
-## Examples
-
-### Inject an SSH key, bootstrap etcd, and start fleet
 ```
 #cloud-config

 coreos:
-	etcd:
-		discovery_url: https://discovery.etcd.io/827c73219eeb2fa5530027c37bf18877
-    fleet:
-        autostart: yes
-ssh_authorized_keys:
-  - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC0g+ZTxC7weoIJLUafOgrm+h...
+    etcd:
+        name: node001
+	# generate a new token for each unique cluster from https://discovery.etcd.io/new
+        discovery: https://discovery.etcd.io/<token>
+	# multi-region and multi-cloud deployments need to use $public_ipv4
+        addr: $public_ipv4:4001
+        peer-addr: $private_ipv4:7001
 ```

-### Start a docker container on boot
+...will generate a systemd unit drop-in like this:
+
+```
+[Service]
+Environment="ETCD_NAME=node001"
+Environment="ETCD_DISCOVERY=https://discovery.etcd.io/<token>"
+Environment="ETCD_ADDR=203.0.113.29:4001"
+Environment="ETCD_PEER_ADDR=192.0.2.13:7001"
+```
+
+For more information about the available configuration parameters, see the [etcd documentation][etcd-config].
+Note that hyphens in the coreos.etcd.* keys are mapped to underscores.
+
+[etcd-config]: https://github.com/coreos/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/configuration.md
+
+#### fleet
+
+The `coreos.fleet.*` parameters work very similarly to `coreos.etcd.*`, and allow for the configuration of fleet through environment variables. For example, the following cloud-config document...
+```
+#cloud-config
+
+coreos:
+    fleet:
+    	public-ip: $public_ipv4
+	metadata: region=us-west
+```
+
+...will generate a systemd unit drop-in like this:
+```
+[Service]
+Environment="FLEET_PUBLIC_IP=203.0.113.29"
+Environment="FLEET_METADATA=region=us-west"
+```
+
+For more information on fleet configuration, see the [fleet documentation][fleet-config].
+
+[fleet-config]: https://github.com/coreos/fleet/blob/master/Documentation/configuration.md
+
+#### update
+
+The `coreos.update.*` parameters manipulate settings related to how CoreOS instances are updated.
+
+These fields will be written out to and replace `/etc/coreos/update.conf`. If only one of the parameters is given it will only overwrite the given field.
+
+- **reboot-strategy**: One of "reboot", "etcd-lock", "best-effort" or "off" for controlling when reboots are issued after an update is performed.
+  - _reboot_: Reboot immediately after an update is applied.
+  - _etcd-lock_: Reboot after first taking a distributed lock in etcd, this guarantees that only one host will reboot concurrently and that the cluster will remain available during the update.
+  - _best-effort_ - If etcd is running, "etcd-lock", otherwise simply "reboot".
+  - _off_ - Disable rebooting after updates are applied (not recommended).
+- **server**: is the omaha endpoint URL which will be queried for updates.
+- **group**:  signifies the channel which should be used for automatic updates.  This value defaults to the version of the image initially downloaded. (one of "master", "alpha", "beta", "stable")
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+coreos:
+  update:
+    reboot-strategy: etcd-lock
+```
+
+#### units
+
+The `coreos.units.*` parameters define a list of arbitrary systemd units to start. Each item is an object with the following fields:
+
+- **name**: String representing unit's name. Required.
+- **runtime**: Boolean indicating whether or not to persist the unit across reboots. This is analogous to the `--runtime` argument to `systemd enable`. Default value is false.
+- **enable**: Boolean indicating whether or not to handle the [Install] section of the unit file. This is similar to running `systemctl enable <name>`. Default value is false.
+- **content**: Plaintext string representing entire unit file. If no value is provided, the unit is assumed to exist already.
+- **command**: Command to execute on unit: start, stop, reload, restart, try-restart, reload-or-restart, reload-or-try-restart. Default value is restart.
+- **mask**: Whether to mask the unit file by symlinking it to `/dev/null` (analogous to `systemctl mask <name>`). Note that unlike `systemctl mask`, **this will destructively remove any existing unit file** located at `/etc/systemd/system/<unit>`, to ensure that the mask succeeds. Default value is false.
+
+**NOTE:** The command field is ignored for all network, netdev, and link units. The systemd-networkd.service unit will be restarted in their place.
+
+##### Examples
+
+Write a unit to disk, automatically starting it.

 ```
 #cloud-config
@@ -100,6 +137,7 @@ ssh_authorized_keys:
 coreos:
    units:
      - name: docker-redis.service
+        command: start
        content: |
          [Unit]
          Description=Redis container
@@ -115,17 +153,172 @@ coreos:
          WantedBy=local.target
 ```

-### Add a user
+Start the built-in `etcd` and `fleet` services:
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+
+coreos:
+    units:
+      - name: etcd.service
+        command: start
+      - name: fleet.service
+        command: start
+```
+
+### ssh_authorized_keys
+
+The `ssh_authorized_keys` parameter adds public SSH keys which will be authorized for the `core` user.
+
+The keys will be named "coreos-cloudinit" by default.
+Override this by using the `--ssh-key-name` flag when calling `coreos-cloudinit`.
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+
+ssh_authorized_keys:
+  - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC0g+ZTxC7weoIJLUafOgrm+h...
+```
+
+### hostname
+
+The `hostname` parameter defines the system's hostname.
+This is the local part of a fully-qualified domain name (i.e. `foo` in `foo.example.com`).
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+
+hostname: coreos1
+```
+
+### users
+
+The `users` parameter adds or modifies the specified list of users. Each user is an object which consists of the following fields. Each field is optional and of type string unless otherwise noted.
+All but the `passwd` and `ssh-authorized-keys` fields will be ignored if the user already exists.
+
+- **name**: Required. Login name of user
+- **gecos**: GECOS comment of user
+- **passwd**: Hash of the password to use for this user
+- **homedir**: User's home directory. Defaults to /home/<name>
+- **no-create-home**: Boolean. Skip home directory creation.
+- **primary-group**: Default group for the user. Defaults to a new group created named after the user.
+- **groups**: Add user to these additional groups
+- **no-user-group**: Boolean. Skip default group creation.
+- **ssh-authorized-keys**: List of public SSH keys to authorize for this user
+- **coreos-ssh-import-github**: Authorize SSH keys from Github user
+- **coreos-ssh-import-url**: Authorize SSH keys imported from a url endpoint.
+- **system**: Create the user as a system user. No home directory will be created.
+- **no-log-init**: Boolean. Skip initialization of lastlog and faillog databases.
+
+The following fields are not yet implemented:
+
+- **inactive**: Deactivate the user upon creation
+- **lock-passwd**: Boolean. Disable password login for user
+- **sudo**: Entry to add to /etc/sudoers for user. By default, no sudo access is authorized.
+- **selinux-user**: Corresponding SELinux user
+- **ssh-import-id**: Import SSH keys by ID from Launchpad.

 ```
 #cloud-config

 users:
  - name: elroy
-	passwd: $6$5s2u6/jR$un0AvWnqilcgaNB3Mkxd5yYv6mTlWfOoCYHZmfi3LDKVltj.E8XNKEcwWm...
-	groups:
-	  - staff
-	  - docker
-	ssh-authorized-keys:
-	  - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC0g+ZTxC7weoIJLUafOgrm+h...
+    passwd: $6$5s2u6/jR$un0AvWnqilcgaNB3Mkxd5yYv6mTlWfOoCYHZmfi3LDKVltj.E8XNKEcwWm...
+    groups:
+      - sudo
+      - docker
+    ssh-authorized-keys:
+      - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC0g+ZTxC7weoIJLUafOgrm+h...
+```
+
+#### Generating a password hash
+
+If you choose to use a password instead of an SSH key, generating a safe hash is extremely important to the security of your system. Simplified hashes like md5crypt are trivial to crack on modern GPU hardware. Here are a few ways to generate secure hashes:
+
+```
+# On Debian/Ubuntu (via the package "whois")
+mkpasswd --method=SHA-512 --rounds=4096
+
+# OpenSSL (note: this will only make md5crypt.  While better than plantext it should not be considered fully secure)
+openssl passwd -1
+
+# Python (change password and salt values)
+python -c "import crypt, getpass, pwd; print crypt.crypt('password', '\$6\$SALT\$')"
+
+# Perl (change password and salt values)
+perl -e 'print crypt("password","\$6\$SALT\$") . "\n"'
+```
+
+Using a higher number of rounds will help create more secure passwords, but given enough time, password hashes can be reversed.  On most RPM based distributions there is a tool called mkpasswd available in the `expect` package, but this does not handle "rounds" nor advanced hashing algorithms. 
+
+#### Retrieving SSH Authorized Keys
+
+##### From a GitHub User
+
+Using the `coreos-ssh-import-github` field, we can import public SSH keys from a GitHub user to use as authorized keys to a server.
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+
+users:
+  - name: elroy
+    coreos-ssh-import-github: elroy
+```
+
+##### From an HTTP Endpoint
+
+We can also pull public SSH keys from any HTTP endpoint which matches [GitHub's API response format](https://developer.github.com/v3/users/keys/#list-public-keys-for-a-user).
+For example, if you have an installation of GitHub Enterprise, you can provide a complete URL with an authentication token:
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+
+users:
+  - name: elroy
+    coreos-ssh-import-url: https://token:<OAUTH-TOKEN>@github-enterprise.example.com/users/elroy/keys
+```
+
+You can also specify any URL whose response matches the JSON format for public keys:
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+
+users:
+  - name: elroy
+    coreos-ssh-import-url: https://example.com/public-keys
+```
+
+### write_files
+
+The `write-file` parameter defines a list of files to create on the local filesystem. Each file is represented as an associative array which has the following keys:
+
+- **path**: Absolute location on disk where contents should be written
+- **content**: Data to write at the provided `path`
+- **permissions**: String representing file permissions in octal notation (i.e. '0644')
+- **owner**: User and group that should own the file written to disk. This is equivalent to the `<user>:<group>` argument to `chown <user>:<group> <path>`.
+
+Explicitly not implemented is the **encoding** attribute.
+The **content** field must represent exactly what should be written to disk.
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+write_files:
+  - path: /etc/fleet/fleet.conf
+    permissions: 0644
+    content: |
+      verbosity=1
+      metadata="region=us-west,type=ssd"
+```
+
+### manage_etc_hosts
+
+The `manage_etc_hosts` parameter configures the contents of the `/etc/hosts` file, which is used for local name resolution.
+Currently, the only supported value is "localhost" which will cause your system's hostname
+to resolve to "127.0.0.1".  This is helpful when the host does not have DNS
+infrastructure in place to resolve its own hostname, for example, when using Vagrant.
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+
+manage_etc_hosts: localhost
 ```
--- a/Documentation/config-drive.md
+++ b/Documentation/config-drive.md
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Distribution via Config Drive
+
+CoreOS supports providing configuration data via [config drive][config-drive]
+disk images. Currently only providing a single script or cloud config file is
+supported.
+
+[config-drive]: http://docs.openstack.org/user-guide/content/enable_config_drive.html#config_drive_contents
+
+## Contents and Format
+
+The image should be a single FAT or ISO9660 file system with the label
+`config-2` and the configuration data should be located at
+`openstack/latest/user_data`.
+
+For example, to wrap up a config named `user_data` in a config drive image:
+
+    mkdir -p /tmp/new-drive/openstack/latest
+    cp user_data /tmp/new-drive/openstack/latest/user_data
+    mkisofs -R -V config-2 -o configdrive.iso /tmp/new-drive
+    rm -r /tmp/new-drive
+
+## QEMU virtfs
+
+One exception to the above, when using QEMU it is possible to skip creating an
+image and use a plain directory containing the same contents:
+
+    qemu-system-x86_64 \
+        -fsdev local,id=conf,security_model=none,readonly,path=/tmp/new-drive \
+        -device virtio-9p-pci,fsdev=conf,mount_tag=config-2 \
+        [usual qemu options here...]
--- a/202
+++ b/202
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
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+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
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+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
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+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
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+
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+
--- a/5
+++ b/5
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+CoreOS Project
+Copyright 2014 CoreOS, Inc
+
+This product includes software developed at CoreOS, Inc.
+(http://www.coreos.com/).
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,9 +1,79 @@
-# coreos-cloudinit
+# coreos-cloudinit [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/coreos/coreos-cloudinit.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/coreos/coreos-cloudinit)

-coreos-cloudinit allows a user to customize CoreOS machines by providing either an executable script or a cloud-config document as instance user-data. See below to learn how to use these features.
+coreos-cloudinit enables a user to customize CoreOS machines by providing either a cloud-config document or an executable script through user-data.

-## Supported Cloud-Config Features
+## Configuration with cloud-config

-Only a subset of [cloud-config functionality][cloud-config] is implemented. A set of custom parameters were added to the cloud-config format that are specific to CoreOS, which are [documented here](https://github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/tree/master/Documentation/cloud-config.md).
+A subset of the [official cloud-config spec][official-cloud-config] is implemented by coreos-cloudinit.
+Additionally, several [CoreOS-specific options][custom-cloud-config] have been implemented to support interacting with unit files, bootstrapping etcd clusters, and more.
+All supported cloud-config parameters are [documented here][all-cloud-config]. 

-[cloud-config]: http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/format.html#cloud-config-data
+[official-cloud-config]: http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/format.html#cloud-config-data
+[custom-cloud-config]: https://github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/blob/master/Documentation/cloud-config.md#coreos-parameters
+[all-cloud-config]: https://github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/tree/master/Documentation/cloud-config.md
+
+The following is an example cloud-config document:
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+
+coreos:
+    units:
+      - name: etcd.service
+        command: start
+
+users:
+  - name: core
+    passwd: $1$allJZawX$00S5T756I5PGdQga5qhqv1
+
+write_files:
+  - path: /etc/resolv.conf
+    content: |
+        nameserver 192.0.2.2
+        nameserver 192.0.2.3
+```
+
+## Executing a Script
+
+coreos-cloudinit supports executing user-data as a script instead of parsing it as a cloud-config document.
+Make sure the first line of your user-data is a shebang and coreos-cloudinit will attempt to execute it:
+
+```
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo 'Hello, world!'
+```
+
+## user-data Field Substitution
+
+coreos-cloudinit will replace the following set of tokens in your user-data with system-generated values.
+
+| Token         | Description |
+| ------------- | ----------- |
+| $public_ipv4  | Public IPv4 address of machine |
+| $private_ipv4 | Private IPv4 address of machine |
+
+These values are determined by CoreOS based on the given provider on which your machine is running.
+Read more about provider-specific functionality in the [CoreOS OEM documentation][oem-doc].
+
+[oem-doc]: https://coreos.com/docs/sdk-distributors/distributors/notes-for-distributors/
+
+For example, submitting the following user-data...
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+coreos:
+    etcd:
+        addr: $public_ipv4:4001
+        peer-addr: $private_ipv4:7001
+```
+
+...will result in this cloud-config document being executed:
+
+```
+#cloud-config
+coreos:
+    etcd:
+        addr: 203.0.113.29:4001
+        peer-addr: 192.0.2.13:7001
+```
--- a/14
+++ b/14
@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash -e

-export GOBIN=${PWD}/bin
-export GOPATH=${PWD}
+ORG_PATH="github.com/coreos"
+REPO_PATH="${ORG_PATH}/coreos-cloudinit"

-go build -o bin/coreos-cloudinit github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit
+if [ ! -h gopath/src/${REPO_PATH} ]; then
+	mkdir -p gopath/src/${ORG_PATH}
+	ln -s ../../../.. gopath/src/${REPO_PATH} || exit 255
+fi
+
+export GOBIN=${PWD}/bin
+export GOPATH=${PWD}/gopath
+
+go build -o bin/coreos-cloudinit ${REPO_PATH}
--- a/cloudinit/cloud_config.go
+++ b/cloudinit/cloud_config.go
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-package cloudinit
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-
-	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml"
-)
-
-const DefaultSSHKeyName = "coreos-cloudinit"
-
-type CloudConfig struct {
-	SSHAuthorizedKeys []string `yaml:"ssh_authorized_keys"`
-	Coreos            struct {
-		Etcd  struct{ Discovery_URL string }
-		Fleet struct{ Autostart bool }
-		Units []Unit
-	}
-	WriteFiles []WriteFile `yaml:"write_files"`
-	Hostname   string
-	Users      []User
-}
-
-func NewCloudConfig(contents []byte) (*CloudConfig, error) {
-	var cfg CloudConfig
-	err := goyaml.Unmarshal(contents, &cfg)
-	return &cfg, err
-}
-
-func (cc CloudConfig) String() string {
-	bytes, err := goyaml.Marshal(cc)
-	if err != nil {
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	stringified := string(bytes)
-	stringified = fmt.Sprintf("#cloud-config\n%s", stringified)
-
-	return stringified
-}
-
-func ApplyCloudConfig(cfg CloudConfig, sshKeyName string) error {
-	if cfg.Hostname != "" {
-		if err := SetHostname(cfg.Hostname); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		log.Printf("Set hostname to %s", cfg.Hostname)
-	}
-
-	if len(cfg.Users) > 0 {
-		for _, user := range cfg.Users {
-			if user.Name == "" {
-				log.Printf("User object has no 'name' field, skipping")
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if UserExists(&user) {
-				log.Printf("User '%s' exists, ignoring creation-time fields", user.Name)
-				if user.PasswordHash != "" {
-					log.Printf("Setting '%s' user's password", user.Name)
-					if err := SetUserPassword(user.Name, user.PasswordHash); err != nil {
-						log.Printf("Failed setting '%s' user's password: %v", user.Name, err)
-						return err
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				log.Printf("Creating user '%s'", user.Name)
-				if err := CreateUser(&user); err != nil {
-					log.Printf("Failed creating user '%s': %v", user.Name, err)
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-
-			if len(user.SSHAuthorizedKeys) > 0 {
-				log.Printf("Authorizing %d SSH keys for user '%s'", len(user.SSHAuthorizedKeys), user.Name)
-				if err := AuthorizeSSHKeys(user.Name, sshKeyName, user.SSHAuthorizedKeys); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys) > 0 {
-		err := AuthorizeSSHKeys("core", sshKeyName, cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys)
-		if err == nil {
-			log.Printf("Authorized SSH keys for core user")
-		} else {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(cfg.WriteFiles) > 0 {
-		for _, file := range cfg.WriteFiles {
-			if err := ProcessWriteFile("/", &file); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			log.Printf("Wrote file %s to filesystem", file.Path)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if cfg.Coreos.Etcd.Discovery_URL != "" {
-		err := PersistEtcdDiscoveryURL(cfg.Coreos.Etcd.Discovery_URL)
-		if err == nil {
-			log.Printf("Consumed etcd discovery url")
-		} else {
-			log.Fatalf("Failed to persist etcd discovery url to filesystem: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(cfg.Coreos.Units) > 0 {
-		for _, unit := range cfg.Coreos.Units {
-			log.Printf("Placing unit %s on filesystem", unit.Name)
-			dst, err := PlaceUnit("/", &unit)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			log.Printf("Placed unit %s at %s", unit.Name, dst)
-
-			if unit.Group() != "network" {
-				log.Printf("Enabling unit file %s", dst)
-				if err := EnableUnitFile(dst, unit.Runtime); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				log.Printf("Enabled unit %s", unit.Name)
-			} else {
-				log.Printf("Skipping enable for network-like unit %s", unit.Name)
-			}
-		}
-		DaemonReload()
-		StartUnits(cfg.Coreos.Units)
-	}
-
-	if cfg.Coreos.Fleet.Autostart {
-		err := StartUnitByName("fleet.service")
-		if err == nil {
-			log.Printf("Started fleet service.")
-		} else {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/cloudinit/etcd.go
+++ b/cloudinit/etcd.go
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package cloudinit
-
-import (
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-)
-
-const (
-	etcdDiscoveryPath = "/var/run/etcd/bootstrap.disco"
-)
-
-func PersistEtcdDiscoveryURL(url string) error {
-	dir := path.Dir(etcdDiscoveryPath)
-	if _, err := os.Stat(dir); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Creating directory /var/run/etcd")
-		err := os.MkdirAll(dir, os.FileMode(0644))
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ioutil.WriteFile(etcdDiscoveryPath, []byte(url), os.FileMode(0644))
-}
--- a/cloudinit/metadata_service.go
+++ b/cloudinit/metadata_service.go
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-package cloudinit
-
-import (
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
-)
-
-type metadataService struct {
-	url    string
-	client http.Client
-}
-
-func NewMetadataService(url string) *metadataService {
-	return &metadataService{url, http.Client{}}
-}
-
-func (ms *metadataService) UserData() ([]byte, error) {
-	resp, err := ms.client.Get(ms.url)
-	if err != nil {
-		return []byte{}, err
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode / 100 != 2 {
-		return []byte{}, nil
-	}
-
-	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return respBytes, nil
-}
-
-
--- a/cloudinit/systemd.go
+++ b/cloudinit/systemd.go
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-package cloudinit
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus"
-)
-
-type Unit struct {
-	Name    string
-	Runtime bool
-	Content string
-}
-
-func (u *Unit) Type() string {
-	ext := filepath.Ext(u.Name)
-	return strings.TrimLeft(ext, ".")
-}
-
-func (u *Unit) Group() (group string) {
-	t := u.Type()
-	if t == "network" || t == "netdev" || t == "link" {
-		group = "network"
-	} else {
-		group = "system"
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-type Script []byte
-
-func PlaceUnit(root string, u *Unit) (string, error) {
-	dir := "etc"
-	if u.Runtime {
-		dir = "run"
-	}
-
-	dst := path.Join(root, dir, "systemd", u.Group())
-	if _, err := os.Stat(dst); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(dst, os.FileMode(0755)); err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-	}
-
-	dst = path.Join(dst, u.Name)
-	err := ioutil.WriteFile(dst, []byte(u.Content), os.FileMode(0644))
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return dst, nil
-}
-
-func EnableUnitFile(file string, runtime bool) error {
-	conn, err := dbus.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	files := []string{file}
-	_, _, err = conn.EnableUnitFiles(files, runtime, true)
-	return err
-}
-
-func separateNetworkUnits(units []Unit) ([]Unit, []Unit) {
-	networkUnits := make([]Unit, 0)
-	nonNetworkUnits := make([]Unit, 0)
-	for _, unit := range units {
-		if unit.Group() == "network" {
-			networkUnits = append(networkUnits, unit)
-		} else {
-			nonNetworkUnits = append(nonNetworkUnits, unit)
-		}
-	}
-	return networkUnits, nonNetworkUnits
-}
-
-func StartUnits(units []Unit) error {
-	networkUnits, nonNetworkUnits := separateNetworkUnits(units)
-	if len(networkUnits) > 0 {
-		if err := RestartUnitByName("systemd-networkd.service"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, unit := range nonNetworkUnits {
-		if err := RestartUnitByName(unit.Name); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func DaemonReload() error {
-	conn, err := dbus.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	_, err = conn.Reload()
-	return err
-}
-
-func RestartUnitByName(name string) error {
-	log.Printf("Restarting unit %s", name)
-	conn, err := dbus.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	output, err := conn.RestartUnit(name, "replace")
-	log.Printf("Restart completed with '%s'", output)
-
-	return err
-}
-
-func StartUnitByName(name string) error {
-	conn, err := dbus.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	_, err = conn.StartUnit(name, "replace")
-	return err
-}
-
-func ExecuteScript(scriptPath string) (string, error) {
-	props := []dbus.Property{
-		dbus.PropDescription("Unit generated and executed by coreos-cloudinit on behalf of user"),
-		dbus.PropExecStart([]string{"/bin/bash", scriptPath}, false),
-	}
-
-	base := path.Base(scriptPath)
-	name := fmt.Sprintf("coreos-cloudinit-%s.service", base)
-
-	log.Printf("Creating transient systemd unit '%s'", name)
-
-	conn, err := dbus.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	_, err = conn.StartTransientUnit(name, "replace", props...)
-	return name, err
-}
-
-func SetHostname(hostname string) error {
-	return exec.Command("hostnamectl", "set-hostname", hostname).Run()
-}
--- a/cloudinit/systemd_test.go
+++ b/cloudinit/systemd_test.go
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-package cloudinit
-
-import (
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"syscall"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestPlaceNetworkUnit(t *testing.T) {
-	u := Unit{
-		Name: "50-eth0.network",
-      Runtime: true,
-      Content: `[Match]
-Name=eth47
-
-[Network]
-Address=10.209.171.177/19
-`,
-	}
-
-	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer syscall.Rmdir(dir)
-
-	if _, err := PlaceUnit(dir, &u); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("PlaceUnit failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "run", "systemd", "network", "50-eth0.network")
-	fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if fi.Mode() != os.FileMode(0644) {
-		t.Errorf("File has incorrect mode: %v", fi.Mode())
-	}
-
-	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	expect := `[Match]
-Name=eth47
-
-[Network]
-Address=10.209.171.177/19
-`
-	if string(contents) != expect {
-		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents '%s'.\nExpected '%s'", string(contents), expect)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPlaceMountUnit(t *testing.T) {
-	u := Unit{
-		Name: "media-state.mount",
-      Runtime: false,
-      Content: `[Mount]
-What=/dev/sdb1
-Where=/media/state
-`,
-	}
-
-	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer syscall.Rmdir(dir)
-
-	if _, err := PlaceUnit(dir, &u); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("PlaceUnit failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "etc", "systemd", "system", "media-state.mount")
-	fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if fi.Mode() != os.FileMode(0644) {
-		t.Errorf("File has incorrect mode: %v", fi.Mode())
-	}
-
-	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	expect := `[Mount]
-What=/dev/sdb1
-Where=/media/state
-`
-	if string(contents) != expect {
-		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents '%s'.\nExpected '%s'", string(contents), expect)
-	}
-}
-
--- a/cloudinit/user_data.go
+++ b/cloudinit/user_data.go
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package cloudinit
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func ParseUserData(contents []byte) (interface{}, error) {
-	bytereader := bytes.NewReader(contents)
-	bufreader := bufio.NewReader(bytereader)
-	header, _ := bufreader.ReadString('\n')
-
-	if strings.HasPrefix(header, "#!") {
-		log.Printf("Parsing user-data as script")
-		return Script(contents), nil
-
-	} else if header == "#cloud-config\n" {
-		log.Printf("Parsing user-data as cloud-config")
-		cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err.Error())
-		}
-		return *cfg, nil
-	} else {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unrecognized user-data header: %s", header)
-	}
-}
--- a/cloudinit/workspace.go
+++ b/cloudinit/workspace.go
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-package cloudinit
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-)
-
-func PrepWorkspace(workspace string) error {
-	// Ensure workspace exists and is a directory
-	info, err := os.Stat(workspace)
-	if err == nil {
-		if !info.IsDir() {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a directory", workspace)
-		}
-	} else {
-		err = os.MkdirAll(workspace, 0755)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Ensure scripts dir in workspace exists and is a directory
-	scripts := path.Join(workspace, "scripts")
-	info, err = os.Stat(scripts)
-	if err == nil {
-		if !info.IsDir() {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a directory", scripts)
-		}
-	} else {
-		err = os.Mkdir(scripts, 0755)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func PersistScriptInWorkspace(script Script, workspace string) (string, error) {
-	scriptsDir := path.Join(workspace, "scripts")
-	f, err := ioutil.TempFile(scriptsDir, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	f.Chmod(0744)
-
-	_, err = f.Write(script)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	// Ensure script has been written to disk before returning, as the
-	// next natural thing to do is execute it
-	f.Sync()
-
-	return f.Name(), nil
-}
-
-func PersistScriptUnitNameInWorkspace(name string, workspace string) error {
-	unitPath := path.Join(workspace, "scripts", "unit-name")
-	return ioutil.WriteFile(unitPath, []byte(name), 0644)
-}
--- a/cloudinit/write_file.go
+++ b/cloudinit/write_file.go
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package cloudinit
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path"
-	"strconv"
-)
-
-type WriteFile struct {
-	Encoding    string
-	Content     string
-	Owner       string
-	Path        string
-	Permissions string
-}
-
-func ProcessWriteFile(base string, wf *WriteFile) error {
-	fullPath := path.Join(base, wf.Path)
-
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(fullPath), os.FileMode(0744)); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Parse string representation of file mode as octal
-	perm, err := strconv.ParseInt(wf.Permissions, 8, 32)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.New("Unable to parse file permissions as octal integer")
-	}
-
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(wf.Content), os.FileMode(perm)); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if wf.Owner != "" {
-		// We shell out since we don't have a way to look up unix groups natively
-		cmd := exec.Command("chown", wf.Owner, fullPath)
-		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/coreos-cloudinit.go
+++ b/coreos-cloudinit.go
@@ -1,35 +1,44 @@
 package main

 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"flag"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
+	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"os"

-	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/cloudinit"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/datasource"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/initialize"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
 )

-const version = "0.1.2"
+const version = "0.7.3"
+
+func init() {
+	//Removes timestamp since it is displayed already during booting
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+}

 func main() {
-	var userdata []byte
-	var err error
-
 	var printVersion bool
 	flag.BoolVar(&printVersion, "version", false, "Print the version and exit")

+	var ignoreFailure bool
+	flag.BoolVar(&ignoreFailure, "ignore-failure", false, "Exits with 0 status in the event of malformed input from user-data")
+
 	var file string
 	flag.StringVar(&file, "from-file", "", "Read user-data from provided file")

 	var url string
 	flag.StringVar(&url, "from-url", "", "Download user-data from provided url")

+	var useProcCmdline bool
+	flag.BoolVar(&useProcCmdline, "from-proc-cmdline", false, fmt.Sprintf("Parse %s for '%s=<url>', using the cloud-config served by an HTTP GET to <url>", datasource.ProcCmdlineLocation, datasource.ProcCmdlineCloudConfigFlag))
+
 	var workspace string
 	flag.StringVar(&workspace, "workspace", "/var/lib/coreos-cloudinit", "Base directory coreos-cloudinit should use to store data")

 	var sshKeyName string
-	flag.StringVar(&sshKeyName, "ssh-key-name", cloudinit.DefaultSSHKeyName, "Add SSH keys to the system with the given name")
+	flag.StringVar(&sshKeyName, "ssh-key-name", initialize.DefaultSSHKeyName, "Add SSH keys to the system with the given name")

 	flag.Parse()

@@ -38,54 +47,64 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(0)
 	}

-	if file != "" && url != "" {
-		fmt.Println("Provide one of --from-file or --from-url")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
+	var ds datasource.Datasource
 	if file != "" {
-		log.Printf("Reading user-data from file: %s", file)
-		userdata, err = ioutil.ReadFile(file)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err.Error())
-		}
+		ds = datasource.NewLocalFile(file)
 	} else if url != "" {
-		log.Printf("Reading user-data from metadata service")
-		svc := cloudinit.NewMetadataService(url)
-		userdata, err = svc.UserData()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err.Error())
-		}
+		ds = datasource.NewMetadataService(url)
+	} else if useProcCmdline {
+		ds = datasource.NewProcCmdline()
 	} else {
-		fmt.Println("Provide one of --from-file or --from-url")
+		fmt.Println("Provide one of --from-file, --from-url or --from-proc-cmdline")
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}

-	if len(userdata) == 0 {
+	log.Printf("Fetching user-data from datasource of type %q", ds.Type())
+	userdataBytes, err := ds.Fetch()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Failed fetching user-data from datasource: %v", err)
+		if ignoreFailure {
+			os.Exit(0)
+		} else {
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(userdataBytes) == 0 {
 		log.Printf("No user data to handle, exiting.")
 		os.Exit(0)
 	}

-	parsed, err := cloudinit.ParseUserData(userdata)
+	env := initialize.NewEnvironment("/", workspace)
+
+	userdata := string(userdataBytes)
+	userdata = env.Apply(userdata)
+
+	parsed, err := initialize.ParseUserData(userdata)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed parsing user-data: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Failed parsing user-data: %v", err)
+		if ignoreFailure {
+			os.Exit(0)
+		} else {
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
 	}

-	err = cloudinit.PrepWorkspace(workspace)
+	err = initialize.PrepWorkspace(env.Workspace())
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("Failed preparing workspace: %v", err)
 	}

 	switch t := parsed.(type) {
-	case cloudinit.CloudConfig:
-		err = cloudinit.ApplyCloudConfig(t, sshKeyName)
-	case cloudinit.Script:
+	case initialize.CloudConfig:
+		err = initialize.Apply(t, env)
+	case system.Script:
 		var path string
-		path, err = cloudinit.PersistScriptInWorkspace(t, workspace)
+		path, err = initialize.PersistScriptInWorkspace(t, env.Workspace())
 		if err == nil {
 			var name string
-			name, err = cloudinit.ExecuteScript(path)
-			cloudinit.PersistScriptUnitNameInWorkspace(name, workspace)
+			name, err = system.ExecuteScript(path)
+			initialize.PersistUnitNameInWorkspace(name, workspace)
 		}
 	}

--- a/27
+++ b/27
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/bash -e
+#
+# Generate coverage HTML for a package
+# e.g. PKG=./initialize ./cover
+#
+
+if [ -z "$PKG" ]; then
+	echo "cover only works with a single package, sorry"
+	exit 255
+fi
+
+COVEROUT="coverage"
+
+if ! [ -d "$COVEROUT" ]; then
+	mkdir "$COVEROUT"
+fi
+
+# strip out slashes and dots
+COVERPKG=${PKG//\//}
+COVERPKG=${COVERPKG//./}
+
+# generate arg for "go test"
+export COVER="-coverprofile ${COVEROUT}/${COVERPKG}.out"
+
+source ./test
+
+go tool cover -html=${COVEROUT}/${COVERPKG}.out
--- a/datasource/datasource.go
+++ b/datasource/datasource.go
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package datasource
+
+type Datasource interface {
+	Fetch() ([]byte, error)
+	Type() string
+}
--- a/datasource/file.go
+++ b/datasource/file.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package datasource
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+)
+
+type localFile struct {
+	path string
+}
+
+func NewLocalFile(path string) *localFile {
+	return &localFile{path}
+}
+
+func (self *localFile) Fetch() ([]byte, error) {
+	return ioutil.ReadFile(self.path)
+}
+
+func (self *localFile) Type() string {
+	return "local-file"
+}
--- a/datasource/metadata_service.go
+++ b/datasource/metadata_service.go
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package datasource
+
+import "github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+
+type metadataService struct {
+	url string
+}
+
+func NewMetadataService(url string) *metadataService {
+	return &metadataService{url}
+}
+
+func (ms *metadataService) Fetch() ([]byte, error) {
+	client := pkg.NewHttpClient()
+	return client.Get(ms.url)
+}
+
+func (ms *metadataService) Type() string {
+	return "metadata-service"
+}
--- a/datasource/proc_cmdline.go
+++ b/datasource/proc_cmdline.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package datasource
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+)
+
+const (
+	ProcCmdlineLocation        = "/proc/cmdline"
+	ProcCmdlineCloudConfigFlag = "cloud-config-url"
+)
+
+type procCmdline struct{
+	Location string
+}
+
+func NewProcCmdline() *procCmdline {
+	return &procCmdline{Location: ProcCmdlineLocation}
+}
+
+func (self *procCmdline) Fetch() ([]byte, error) {
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(self.Location)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	cmdline := strings.TrimSpace(string(contents))
+	url, err := findCloudConfigURL(cmdline)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	client := pkg.NewHttpClient()
+	cfg, err := client.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func (self *procCmdline) Type() string {
+	return "proc-cmdline"
+}
+
+func findCloudConfigURL(input string) (url string, err error) {
+	err = errors.New("cloud-config-url not found")
+	for _, token := range strings.Split(input, " ") {
+		parts := strings.SplitN(token, "=", 2)
+
+		key := parts[0]
+		key = strings.Replace(key, "_", "-", -1)
+
+		if key != "cloud-config-url" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if len(parts) != 2 {
+			log.Printf("Found cloud-config-url in /proc/cmdline with no value, ignoring.")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		url = parts[1]
+		err = nil
+	}
+
+	return
+}
--- a/datasource/proc_cmdline_test.go
+++ b/datasource/proc_cmdline_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package datasource
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseCmdlineCloudConfigFound(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input  string
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{
+			"cloud-config-url=example.com",
+			"example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			"cloud_config_url=example.com",
+			"example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			"cloud-config-url cloud-config-url=example.com",
+			"example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			"cloud-config-url= cloud-config-url=example.com",
+			"example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			"cloud-config-url=one.example.com cloud-config-url=two.example.com",
+			"two.example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			"foo=bar cloud-config-url=example.com ping=pong",
+			"example.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i, tt := range tests {
+		output, err := findCloudConfigURL(tt.input)
+		if output != tt.expect {
+			t.Errorf("Test case %d failed: %s != %s", i, output, tt.expect)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Test case %d produced error: %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcCmdlineAndFetchConfig(t *testing.T) {
+
+	var (
+		ProcCmdlineTmpl    = "foo=bar cloud-config-url=%s/config\n"
+		CloudConfigContent = "#cloud-config\n"
+	)
+
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Method == "GET" && r.RequestURI == "/config" {
+			fmt.Fprint(w, CloudConfigContent)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	file, err := ioutil.TempFile(os.TempDir(), "test_proc_cmdline")
+	defer os.Remove(file.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Test produced error: %v", err)
+	}
+	_, err = file.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(ProcCmdlineTmpl, ts.URL)))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Test produced error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	p := NewProcCmdline()
+	p.Location = file.Name()
+	cfg, err := p.Fetch()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Test produced error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(cfg) != CloudConfigContent {
+		t.Errorf("Test failed, response body: %s != %s", cfg, CloudConfigContent)
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/config.go
+++ b/initialize/config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/launchpad.net/goyaml"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+// CloudConfigFile represents a CoreOS specific configuration option that can generate
+// an associated system.File to be written to disk
+type CloudConfigFile interface {
+	// File should either return (*system.File, error), or (nil, nil) if nothing
+	// needs to be done for this configuration option.
+	File(root string) (*system.File, error)
+}
+
+// CloudConfigUnit represents a CoreOS specific configuration option that can generate
+// an associated system.Unit to be created/enabled appropriately
+type CloudConfigUnit interface {
+	// Unit should either return (*system.Unit, error), or (nil, nil) if nothing
+	// needs to be done for this configuration option.
+	Unit(root string) (*system.Unit, error)
+}
+
+// CloudConfig encapsulates the entire cloud-config configuration file and maps directly to YAML
+type CloudConfig struct {
+	SSHAuthorizedKeys []string `yaml:"ssh_authorized_keys"`
+	Coreos            struct {
+		Etcd   EtcdEnvironment
+		Fleet  FleetEnvironment
+		OEM    OEMRelease
+		Update UpdateConfig
+		Units  []system.Unit
+	}
+	WriteFiles     []system.File `yaml:"write_files"`
+	Hostname       string
+	Users          []system.User
+	ManageEtcHosts EtcHosts `yaml:"manage_etc_hosts"`
+}
+
+type warner func(format string, v ...interface{})
+
+// warnOnUnrecognizedKeys parses the contents of a cloud-config file and calls
+// warn(msg, key) for every unrecognized key (i.e. those not present in CloudConfig)
+func warnOnUnrecognizedKeys(contents string, warn warner) {
+	// Generate a map of all understood cloud config options
+	var cc map[string]interface{}
+	b, _ := goyaml.Marshal(&CloudConfig{})
+	goyaml.Unmarshal(b, &cc)
+
+	// Now unmarshal the entire provided contents
+	var c map[string]interface{}
+	goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte(contents), &c)
+
+	// Check that every key in the contents exists in the cloud config
+	for k, _ := range c {
+		if _, ok := cc[k]; !ok {
+			warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in provided cloud config - ignoring section", k)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check for unrecognized coreos options, if any are set
+	coreos, ok := c["coreos"]
+	if ok {
+		set := coreos.(map[interface{}]interface{})
+		known := cc["coreos"].(map[interface{}]interface{})
+		for k, _ := range set {
+			key := k.(string)
+			if _, ok := known[key]; !ok {
+				warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in coreos section of provided cloud config - ignoring", key)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check for any badly-specified users, if any are set
+	users, ok := c["users"]
+	if ok {
+		var known map[string]interface{}
+		b, _ := goyaml.Marshal(&system.User{})
+		goyaml.Unmarshal(b, &known)
+
+		set := users.([]interface{})
+		for _, u := range set {
+			user := u.(map[interface{}]interface{})
+			for k, _ := range user {
+				key := k.(string)
+				if _, ok := known[key]; !ok {
+					warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in user section of cloud config - ignoring", key)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check for any badly-specified files, if any are set
+	files, ok := c["write_files"]
+	if ok {
+		var known map[string]interface{}
+		b, _ := goyaml.Marshal(&system.File{})
+		goyaml.Unmarshal(b, &known)
+
+		set := files.([]interface{})
+		for _, f := range set {
+			file := f.(map[interface{}]interface{})
+			for k, _ := range file {
+				key := k.(string)
+				if _, ok := known[key]; !ok {
+					warn("Warning: unrecognized key %q in file section of cloud config - ignoring", key)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// NewCloudConfig instantiates a new CloudConfig from the given contents (a
+// string of YAML), returning any error encountered. It will ignore unknown
+// fields but log encountering them.
+func NewCloudConfig(contents string) (*CloudConfig, error) {
+	var cfg CloudConfig
+	err := goyaml.Unmarshal([]byte(contents), &cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return &cfg, err
+	}
+	warnOnUnrecognizedKeys(contents, log.Printf)
+	return &cfg, nil
+}
+
+func (cc CloudConfig) String() string {
+	bytes, err := goyaml.Marshal(cc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	stringified := string(bytes)
+	stringified = fmt.Sprintf("#cloud-config\n%s", stringified)
+
+	return stringified
+}
+
+// Apply renders a CloudConfig to an Environment. This can involve things like
+// configuring the hostname, adding new users, writing various configuration
+// files to disk, and manipulating systemd services.
+func Apply(cfg CloudConfig, env *Environment) error {
+	if cfg.Hostname != "" {
+		if err := system.SetHostname(cfg.Hostname); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		log.Printf("Set hostname to %s", cfg.Hostname)
+	}
+
+	for _, user := range cfg.Users {
+		if user.Name == "" {
+			log.Printf("User object has no 'name' field, skipping")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if system.UserExists(&user) {
+			log.Printf("User '%s' exists, ignoring creation-time fields", user.Name)
+			if user.PasswordHash != "" {
+				log.Printf("Setting '%s' user's password", user.Name)
+				if err := system.SetUserPassword(user.Name, user.PasswordHash); err != nil {
+					log.Printf("Failed setting '%s' user's password: %v", user.Name, err)
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			log.Printf("Creating user '%s'", user.Name)
+			if err := system.CreateUser(&user); err != nil {
+				log.Printf("Failed creating user '%s': %v", user.Name, err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(user.SSHAuthorizedKeys) > 0 {
+			log.Printf("Authorizing %d SSH keys for user '%s'", len(user.SSHAuthorizedKeys), user.Name)
+			if err := system.AuthorizeSSHKeys(user.Name, env.SSHKeyName(), user.SSHAuthorizedKeys); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if user.SSHImportGithubUser != "" {
+			log.Printf("Authorizing github user %s SSH keys for CoreOS user '%s'", user.SSHImportGithubUser, user.Name)
+			if err := SSHImportGithubUser(user.Name, user.SSHImportGithubUser); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if user.SSHImportURL != "" {
+			log.Printf("Authorizing SSH keys for CoreOS user '%s' from '%s'", user.Name, user.SSHImportURL)
+			if err := SSHImportKeysFromURL(user.Name, user.SSHImportURL); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys) > 0 {
+		err := system.AuthorizeSSHKeys("core", env.SSHKeyName(), cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys)
+		if err == nil {
+			log.Printf("Authorized SSH keys for core user")
+		} else {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, ccf := range []CloudConfigFile{cfg.Coreos.OEM, cfg.Coreos.Update, cfg.ManageEtcHosts} {
+		f, err := ccf.File(env.Root())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if f != nil {
+			cfg.WriteFiles = append(cfg.WriteFiles, *f)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, ccu := range []CloudConfigUnit{cfg.Coreos.Etcd, cfg.Coreos.Fleet, cfg.Coreos.Update} {
+		u, err := ccu.Unit(env.Root())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if u != nil {
+			cfg.Coreos.Units = append(cfg.Coreos.Units, *u)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, file := range cfg.WriteFiles {
+		file.Path = path.Join(env.Root(), file.Path)
+		if err := system.WriteFile(&file); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		log.Printf("Wrote file %s to filesystem", file.Path)
+	}
+
+	commands := make(map[string]string, 0)
+	reload := false
+	for _, unit := range cfg.Coreos.Units {
+		dst := system.UnitDestination(&unit, env.Root())
+		if unit.Content != "" {
+			log.Printf("Writing unit %s to filesystem at path %s", unit.Name, dst)
+			if err := system.PlaceUnit(&unit, dst); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			log.Printf("Placed unit %s at %s", unit.Name, dst)
+			reload = true
+		}
+
+		if unit.Mask {
+			log.Printf("Masking unit file %s", unit.Name)
+			if err := system.MaskUnit(unit.Name, env.Root()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if unit.Enable {
+			if unit.Group() != "network" {
+				log.Printf("Enabling unit file %s", unit.Name)
+				if err := system.EnableUnitFile(unit.Name, unit.Runtime); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				log.Printf("Enabled unit %s", unit.Name)
+			} else {
+				log.Printf("Skipping enable for network-like unit %s", unit.Name)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if unit.Group() == "network" {
+			commands["systemd-networkd.service"] = "restart"
+		} else if unit.Command != "" {
+			commands[unit.Name] = unit.Command
+		}
+	}
+
+	if reload {
+		if err := system.DaemonReload(); err != nil {
+			return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("failed systemd daemon-reload: %v", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	for unit, command := range commands {
+		log.Printf("Calling unit command '%s %s'", command, unit)
+		res, err := system.RunUnitCommand(command, unit)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		log.Printf("Result of '%s %s': %s", command, unit, res)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/cloudinit/cloud_config_test.go
+++ b/cloudinit/cloud_config_test.go
@@ -1,13 +1,78 @@
-package cloudinit
+package initialize

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )

+func TestCloudConfigUnknownKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	contents := `
+coreos: 
+  etcd:
+    discovery: "https://discovery.etcd.io/827c73219eeb2fa5530027c37bf18877"
+  coreos_unknown:
+    foo: "bar"
+section_unknown:
+  dunno:
+    something
+bare_unknown:
+  bar
+write_files:
+  - content: fun
+    path: /var/party
+    file_unknown: nofun
+users:
+  - name: fry
+    passwd: somehash
+    user_unknown: philip
+hostname:
+  foo
+`
+	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error instantiating CloudConfig with unknown keys: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cfg.Hostname != "foo" {
+		t.Fatalf("hostname not correctly set when invalid keys are present")
+	}
+	if len(cfg.Coreos.Etcd) < 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("etcd section not correctly set when invalid keys are present")
+	}
+	if len(cfg.WriteFiles) < 1 || cfg.WriteFiles[0].Content != "fun" || cfg.WriteFiles[0].Path != "/var/party" {
+		t.Fatalf("write_files section not correctly set when invalid keys are present")
+	}
+	if len(cfg.Users) < 1 || cfg.Users[0].Name != "fry" || cfg.Users[0].PasswordHash != "somehash" {
+		t.Fatalf("users section not correctly set when invalid keys are present")
+	}
+
+	var warnings string
+	catchWarn := func(f string, v ...interface{}) {
+		warnings += fmt.Sprintf(f, v...)
+	}
+
+	warnOnUnrecognizedKeys(contents, catchWarn)
+
+	if !strings.Contains(warnings, "coreos_unknown") {
+		t.Errorf("warnings did not catch unrecognized coreos option coreos_unknown")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(warnings, "bare_unknown") {
+		t.Errorf("warnings did not catch unrecognized key bare_unknown")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(warnings, "section_unknown") {
+		t.Errorf("warnings did not catch unrecognized key section_unknown")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(warnings, "user_unknown") {
+		t.Errorf("warnings did not catch unrecognized user key user_unknown")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(warnings, "file_unknown") {
+		t.Errorf("warnings did not catch unrecognized file key file_unknown")
+	}
+}
+
 // Assert that the parsing of a cloud config file "generally works"
 func TestCloudConfigEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig([]byte{})
+	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig("")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error :%v", err)
 	}
@@ -17,14 +82,6 @@ func TestCloudConfigEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("Parsed incorrect number of SSH keys")
 	}

-	if cfg.Coreos.Etcd.Discovery_URL != "" {
-		t.Error("Parsed incorrect value of discovery url")
-	}
-
-	if cfg.Coreos.Fleet.Autostart {
-		t.Error("Expected AutostartFleet not to be defined")
-	}
-
 	if len(cfg.WriteFiles) != 0 {
 		t.Error("Expected zero WriteFiles")
 	}
@@ -36,12 +93,12 @@ func TestCloudConfigEmpty(t *testing.T) {

 // Assert that the parsing of a cloud config file "generally works"
 func TestCloudConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	contents := []byte(`
+	contents := `
 coreos: 
  etcd:
-    discovery_url: "https://discovery.etcd.io/827c73219eeb2fa5530027c37bf18877"
-  fleet:
-    autostart: Yes
+    discovery: "https://discovery.etcd.io/827c73219eeb2fa5530027c37bf18877"
+  update:
+    reboot-strategy: reboot
  units:
    - name: 50-eth0.network
      runtime: yes
@@ -55,6 +112,12 @@ coreos:
    Address=10.209.171.177/19
 
 '
+  oem:
+    id: rackspace
+    name: Rackspace Cloud Servers
+    version-id: 168.0.0
+    home-url: https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/servers/
+    bug-report-url: https://github.com/coreos/coreos-overlay
 ssh_authorized_keys:
  - foobar
  - foobaz
@@ -66,7 +129,7 @@ write_files:
    permissions: '0644'
    owner: root:dogepack
 hostname: trontastic
-`)
+`
 	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error :%v", err)
@@ -81,14 +144,6 @@ hostname: trontastic
 		t.Error("Expected first SSH key to be 'foobaz'")
 	}

-	if cfg.Coreos.Etcd.Discovery_URL != "https://discovery.etcd.io/827c73219eeb2fa5530027c37bf18877" {
-		t.Error("Failed to parse etcd discovery url")
-	}
-
-	if !cfg.Coreos.Fleet.Autostart {
-		t.Error("Expected AutostartFleet to be true")
-	}
-
 	if len(cfg.WriteFiles) != 1 {
 		t.Error("Failed to parse correct number of write_files")
 	} else {
@@ -99,8 +154,8 @@ hostname: trontastic
 		if wf.Encoding != "" {
 			t.Errorf("WriteFile has incorrect encoding %s", wf.Encoding)
 		}
-		if wf.Permissions != "0644" {
-			t.Errorf("WriteFile has incorrect permissions %s", wf.Permissions)
+		if perm, _ := wf.Permissions(); perm != 0644 {
+			t.Errorf("WriteFile has incorrect permissions %s", perm)
 		}
 		if wf.Path != "/etc/dogepack.conf" {
 			t.Errorf("WriteFile has incorrect path %s", wf.Path)
@@ -134,20 +189,27 @@ Address=10.209.171.177/19
 		}
 	}

+	if cfg.Coreos.OEM.ID != "rackspace" {
+		t.Errorf("Failed parsing coreos.oem. Expected ID 'rackspace', got %q.", cfg.Coreos.OEM.ID)
+	}
+
 	if cfg.Hostname != "trontastic" {
 		t.Errorf("Failed to parse hostname")
 	}
+	if cfg.Coreos.Update["reboot-strategy"] != "reboot" {
+		t.Errorf("Failed to parse locksmith strategy")
+	}
 }

 // Assert that our interface conversion doesn't panic
 func TestCloudConfigKeysNotList(t *testing.T) {
-	contents := []byte(`
+	contents := `
 ssh_authorized_keys:
  - foo: bar
-`)
+`
 	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error :%v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}

 	keys := cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys
@@ -157,7 +219,7 @@ ssh_authorized_keys:
 }

 func TestCloudConfigSerializationHeader(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg, _ := NewCloudConfig([]byte{})
+	cfg, _ := NewCloudConfig("")
 	contents := cfg.String()
 	header := strings.SplitN(contents, "\n", 2)[0]
 	if header != "#cloud-config" {
@@ -165,8 +227,28 @@ func TestCloudConfigSerializationHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+// TestDropInIgnored asserts that users are unable to set DropIn=True on units
+func TestDropInIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	contents := `
+coreos:
+  units:
+    - name: test
+      dropin: true
+`
+	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
+	if err != nil || len(cfg.Coreos.Units) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(cfg.Coreos.Units) != 1 || cfg.Coreos.Units[0].Name != "test" {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 1 unit, but got %d: %v", len(cfg.Coreos.Units), cfg.Coreos.Units)
+	}
+	if cfg.Coreos.Units[0].DropIn {
+		t.Errorf("dropin option on unit in cloud-config was not ignored!")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCloudConfigUsers(t *testing.T) {
-	contents := []byte(`
+	contents := `
 users:
  - name: elroy
    passwd: somehash
@@ -182,7 +264,7 @@ users:
    no-user-group: true
    system: y
    no-log-init: True
-`)
+`
 	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error: %v", err)
@@ -223,7 +305,7 @@ users:
 		t.Errorf("Failed to parse no-create-home field")
 	}

-	if user.PrimaryGroup != "things"{
+	if user.PrimaryGroup != "things" {
 		t.Errorf("Failed to parse primary-group field, got %q", user.PrimaryGroup)
 	}

--- a/initialize/env.go
+++ b/initialize/env.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+const DefaultSSHKeyName = "coreos-cloudinit"
+
+type Environment struct {
+	root          string
+	workspace     string
+	sshKeyName    string
+	substitutions map[string]string
+}
+
+func NewEnvironment(root, workspace string) *Environment {
+	substitutions := map[string]string{
+		"$public_ipv4":  os.Getenv("COREOS_PUBLIC_IPV4"),
+		"$private_ipv4": os.Getenv("COREOS_PRIVATE_IPV4"),
+	}
+	return &Environment{root, workspace, DefaultSSHKeyName, substitutions}
+}
+
+func (self *Environment) Workspace() string {
+	return path.Join(self.root, self.workspace)
+}
+
+func (self *Environment) Root() string {
+	return self.root
+}
+
+func (self *Environment) SSHKeyName() string {
+	return self.sshKeyName
+}
+
+func (self *Environment) SetSSHKeyName(name string) {
+	self.sshKeyName = name
+}
+
+func (self *Environment) Apply(data string) string {
+	for key, val := range self.substitutions {
+		data = strings.Replace(data, key, val, -1)
+	}
+	return data
+}
+
+// normalizeSvcEnv standardizes the keys of the map (environment variables for a service)
+// by replacing any dashes with underscores and ensuring they are entirely upper case.
+// For example, "some-env" --> "SOME_ENV"
+func normalizeSvcEnv(m map[string]string) map[string]string {
+	out := make(map[string]string, len(m))
+	for key, val := range m {
+		key = strings.ToUpper(key)
+		key = strings.Replace(key, "-", "_", -1)
+		out[key] = val
+	}
+	return out
+}
--- a/initialize/env_test.go
+++ b/initialize/env_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestEnvironmentApply(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Setenv("COREOS_PUBLIC_IPV4", "192.0.2.3")
+	os.Setenv("COREOS_PRIVATE_IPV4", "192.0.2.203")
+	env := NewEnvironment("./", "./")
+	input := `[Service]
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/echo "$public_ipv4"
+ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo $private_ipv4
+ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo $unknown
+`
+	expected := `[Service]
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/echo "192.0.2.3"
+ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo 192.0.2.203
+ExecStop=/usr/bin/echo $unknown
+`
+
+	output := env.Apply(input)
+	if output != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("Environment incorrectly applied.\nOutput:\n%s\nExpected:\n%s", output, expected)
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/etcd.go
+++ b/initialize/etcd.go
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+type EtcdEnvironment map[string]string
+
+func (ee EtcdEnvironment) String() (out string) {
+	norm := normalizeSvcEnv(ee)
+
+	if val, ok := norm["DISCOVERY_URL"]; ok {
+		delete(norm, "DISCOVERY_URL")
+		if _, ok := norm["DISCOVERY"]; !ok {
+			norm["DISCOVERY"] = val
+		}
+	}
+
+	out += "[Service]\n"
+
+	for key, val := range norm {
+		out += fmt.Sprintf("Environment=\"ETCD_%s=%s\"\n", key, val)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// Unit creates a Unit file drop-in for etcd, using any configured
+// options and adding a default MachineID if unset.
+func (ee EtcdEnvironment) Unit(root string) (*system.Unit, error) {
+	if ee == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := ee["name"]; !ok {
+		if machineID := system.MachineID(root); machineID != "" {
+			ee["name"] = machineID
+		} else if hostname, err := system.Hostname(); err == nil {
+			ee["name"] = hostname
+		} else {
+			return nil, errors.New("Unable to determine default etcd name")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &system.Unit{
+		Name:    "etcd.service",
+		Runtime: true,
+		DropIn:  true,
+		Content: ee.String(),
+	}, nil
+}
--- a/initialize/etcd_test.go
+++ b/initialize/etcd_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+func TestEtcdEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := make(EtcdEnvironment, 0)
+	cfg["discovery"] = "http://disco.example.com/foobar"
+	cfg["peer-bind-addr"] = "127.0.0.1:7002"
+
+	env := cfg.String()
+	expect := `[Service]
+Environment="ETCD_DISCOVERY=http://disco.example.com/foobar"
+Environment="ETCD_PEER_BIND_ADDR=127.0.0.1:7002"
+`
+
+	if env != expect {
+		t.Errorf("Generated environment:\n%s\nExpected environment:\n%s", env, expect)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEtcdEnvironmentDiscoveryURLTranslated(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := make(EtcdEnvironment, 0)
+	cfg["discovery_url"] = "http://disco.example.com/foobar"
+	cfg["peer-bind-addr"] = "127.0.0.1:7002"
+
+	env := cfg.String()
+	expect := `[Service]
+Environment="ETCD_DISCOVERY=http://disco.example.com/foobar"
+Environment="ETCD_PEER_BIND_ADDR=127.0.0.1:7002"
+`
+
+	if env != expect {
+		t.Errorf("Generated environment:\n%s\nExpected environment:\n%s", env, expect)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEtcdEnvironmentDiscoveryOverridesDiscoveryURL(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := make(EtcdEnvironment, 0)
+	cfg["discovery_url"] = "ping"
+	cfg["discovery"] = "pong"
+	cfg["peer-bind-addr"] = "127.0.0.1:7002"
+
+	env := cfg.String()
+	expect := `[Service]
+Environment="ETCD_DISCOVERY=pong"
+Environment="ETCD_PEER_BIND_ADDR=127.0.0.1:7002"
+`
+
+	if env != expect {
+		t.Errorf("Generated environment:\n%s\nExpected environment:\n%s", env, expect)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEtcdEnvironmentWrittenToDisk(t *testing.T) {
+	ec := EtcdEnvironment{
+		"name":           "node001",
+		"discovery":      "http://disco.example.com/foobar",
+		"peer-bind-addr": "127.0.0.1:7002",
+	}
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	u, err := ec.Unit(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Generating etcd unit failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if u == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Returned nil etcd unit unexpectedly")
+	}
+
+	dst := system.UnitDestination(u, dir)
+	os.Stderr.WriteString("writing to " + dir + "\n")
+	if err := system.PlaceUnit(u, dst); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Writing of EtcdEnvironment failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "run", "systemd", "system", "etcd.service.d", "20-cloudinit.conf")
+
+	fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if fi.Mode() != os.FileMode(0644) {
+		t.Errorf("File has incorrect mode: %v", fi.Mode())
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	expect := `[Service]
+Environment="ETCD_NAME=node001"
+Environment="ETCD_DISCOVERY=http://disco.example.com/foobar"
+Environment="ETCD_PEER_BIND_ADDR=127.0.0.1:7002"
+`
+	if string(contents) != expect {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEtcdEnvironmentWrittenToDiskDefaultToMachineID(t *testing.T) {
+	ee := EtcdEnvironment{}
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	os.Mkdir(path.Join(dir, "etc"), os.FileMode(0755))
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(dir, "etc", "machine-id"), []byte("node007"), os.FileMode(0444))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed writing out /etc/machine-id: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	u, err := ee.Unit(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Generating etcd unit failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if u == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Returned nil etcd unit unexpectedly")
+	}
+
+	dst := system.UnitDestination(u, dir)
+	os.Stderr.WriteString("writing to " + dir + "\n")
+	if err := system.PlaceUnit(u, dst); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Writing of EtcdEnvironment failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "run", "systemd", "system", "etcd.service.d", "20-cloudinit.conf")
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	expect := `[Service]
+Environment="ETCD_NAME=node007"
+`
+	if string(contents) != expect {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEtcdEnvironmentWhenNil(t *testing.T) {
+	// EtcdEnvironment will be a nil map if it wasn't in the yaml
+	var ee EtcdEnvironment
+	if ee != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EtcdEnvironment is not nil")
+	}
+	u, err := ee.Unit("")
+	if u != nil || err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unit returned a non-nil value for nil input")
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/fleet.go
+++ b/initialize/fleet.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+type FleetEnvironment map[string]string
+
+func (fe FleetEnvironment) String() (out string) {
+	norm := normalizeSvcEnv(fe)
+	out += "[Service]\n"
+
+	for key, val := range norm {
+		out += fmt.Sprintf("Environment=\"FLEET_%s=%s\"\n", key, val)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// Unit generates a Unit file drop-in for fleet, if any fleet options were
+// configured in cloud-config
+func (fe FleetEnvironment) Unit(root string) (*system.Unit, error) {
+	if len(fe) < 1 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return &system.Unit{
+		Name:    "fleet.service",
+		Runtime: true,
+		DropIn:  true,
+		Content: fe.String(),
+	}, nil
+}
--- a/initialize/fleet_test.go
+++ b/initialize/fleet_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package initialize
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestFleetEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := make(FleetEnvironment, 0)
+	cfg["public-ip"] = "12.34.56.78"
+
+	env := cfg.String()
+
+	expect := `[Service]
+Environment="FLEET_PUBLIC_IP=12.34.56.78"
+`
+
+	if env != expect {
+		t.Errorf("Generated environment:\n%s\nExpected environment:\n%s", env, expect)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFleetUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := make(FleetEnvironment, 0)
+	u, err := cfg.Unit("/")
+	if u != nil {
+		t.Errorf("unexpectedly generated unit with empty FleetEnvironment")
+	}
+
+	cfg["public-ip"] = "12.34.56.78"
+
+	u, err = cfg.Unit("/")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("error generating fleet unit: %v", err)
+	}
+	if u == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpectedly got nil unit generating fleet unit!")
+	}
+	if !u.Runtime {
+		t.Errorf("bad Runtime for generated fleet unit!")
+	}
+	if !u.DropIn {
+		t.Errorf("bad DropIn for generated fleet unit!")
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/github.go
+++ b/initialize/github.go
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+func SSHImportGithubUser(system_user string, github_user string) error {
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("https://api.github.com/users/%s/keys", github_user)
+	keys, err := fetchUserKeys(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	key_name := fmt.Sprintf("github-%s", github_user)
+	return system.AuthorizeSSHKeys(system_user, key_name, keys)
+}
--- a/initialize/github_test.go
+++ b/initialize/github_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCloudConfigUsersGithubUser(t *testing.T) {
+
+	contents := `
+users:
+  - name: elroy
+    coreos-ssh-import-github: bcwaldon
+`
+	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(cfg.Users) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Parsed %d users, expected 1", cfg.Users)
+	}
+
+	user := cfg.Users[0]
+
+	if user.Name != "elroy" {
+		t.Errorf("User name is %q, expected 'elroy'", user.Name)
+	}
+
+	if user.SSHImportGithubUser != "bcwaldon" {
+		t.Errorf("github user is %q, expected 'bcwaldon'", user.SSHImportGithubUser)
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/manage_etc_hosts.go
+++ b/initialize/manage_etc_hosts.go
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+const DefaultIpv4Address = "127.0.0.1"
+
+type EtcHosts string
+
+func (eh EtcHosts) generateEtcHosts() (out string, err error) {
+	if eh != "localhost" {
+		return "", errors.New("Invalid option to manage_etc_hosts")
+	}
+
+	// use the operating system hostname
+	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s\n", DefaultIpv4Address, hostname), nil
+
+}
+
+func (eh EtcHosts) File(root string) (*system.File, error) {
+	if eh == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	etcHosts, err := eh.generateEtcHosts()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &system.File{
+		Path:               path.Join("etc", "hosts"),
+		RawFilePermissions: "0644",
+		Content:            etcHosts,
+	}, nil
+}
--- a/initialize/manage_etc_hosts_test.go
+++ b/initialize/manage_etc_hosts_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+func TestCloudConfigManageEtcHosts(t *testing.T) {
+	contents := `
+manage_etc_hosts: localhost
+`
+	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	manageEtcHosts := cfg.ManageEtcHosts
+
+	if manageEtcHosts != "localhost" {
+		t.Errorf("ManageEtcHosts value is %q, expected 'localhost'", manageEtcHosts)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManageEtcHostsInvalidValue(t *testing.T) {
+	eh := EtcHosts("invalid")
+	if f, err := eh.File(""); err == nil || f != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EtcHosts File succeeded with invalid value!")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEtcHostsWrittenToDisk(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	eh := EtcHosts("localhost")
+
+	f, err := eh.File(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error calling File on EtcHosts: %v", err)
+	}
+	if f == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("manageEtcHosts returned nil file unexpectedly")
+	}
+
+	f.Path = path.Join(dir, f.Path)
+
+	if err := system.WriteFile(f); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error writing EtcHosts: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "etc", "hosts")
+
+	fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if fi.Mode() != os.FileMode(0644) {
+		t.Errorf("File has incorrect mode: %v", fi.Mode())
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read OS hostname: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	expect := fmt.Sprintf("%s %s\n", DefaultIpv4Address, hostname)
+
+	if string(contents) != expect {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents")
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/oem.go
+++ b/initialize/oem.go
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+type OEMRelease struct {
+	ID           string `yaml:"id"`
+	Name         string `yaml:"name"`
+	VersionID    string `yaml:"version-id"`
+	HomeURL      string `yaml:"home-url"`
+	BugReportURL string `yaml:"bug-report-url"`
+}
+
+func (oem OEMRelease) String() string {
+	fields := []string{
+		fmt.Sprintf("ID=%s", oem.ID),
+		fmt.Sprintf("VERSION_ID=%s", oem.VersionID),
+		fmt.Sprintf("NAME=%q", oem.Name),
+		fmt.Sprintf("HOME_URL=%q", oem.HomeURL),
+		fmt.Sprintf("BUG_REPORT_URL=%q", oem.BugReportURL),
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(fields, "\n") + "\n"
+}
+
+func (oem OEMRelease) File(root string) (*system.File, error) {
+	if oem.ID == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	return &system.File{
+		Path:               path.Join("etc", "oem-release"),
+		RawFilePermissions: "0644",
+		Content:            oem.String(),
+	}, nil
+}
--- a/initialize/oem_test.go
+++ b/initialize/oem_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+func TestOEMReleaseWrittenToDisk(t *testing.T) {
+	oem := OEMRelease{
+		ID:           "rackspace",
+		Name:         "Rackspace Cloud Servers",
+		VersionID:    "168.0.0",
+		HomeURL:      "https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/servers/",
+		BugReportURL: "https://github.com/coreos/coreos-overlay",
+	}
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	f, err := oem.File(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Processing of OEMRelease failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if f == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("OEMRelease returned nil file unexpectedly")
+	}
+
+	f.Path = path.Join(dir, f.Path)
+	if err := system.WriteFile(f); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Writing of OEMRelease failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "etc", "oem-release")
+
+	fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if fi.Mode() != os.FileMode(0644) {
+		t.Errorf("File has incorrect mode: %v", fi.Mode())
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	expect := `ID=rackspace
+VERSION_ID=168.0.0
+NAME="Rackspace Cloud Servers"
+HOME_URL="https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/servers/"
+BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/coreos/coreos-overlay"
+`
+	if string(contents) != expect {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents")
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/ssh_keys.go
+++ b/initialize/ssh_keys.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/pkg"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+type UserKey struct {
+	ID  int    `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Key string `json:"key"`
+}
+
+func SSHImportKeysFromURL(system_user string, url string) error {
+	keys, err := fetchUserKeys(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	key_name := fmt.Sprintf("coreos-cloudinit-%s", system_user)
+	return system.AuthorizeSSHKeys(system_user, key_name, keys)
+}
+
+func fetchUserKeys(url string) ([]string, error) {
+	client := pkg.NewHttpClient()
+	data, err := client.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var userKeys []UserKey
+	err = json.Unmarshal(data, &userKeys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	keys := make([]string, 0)
+	for _, key := range userKeys {
+		keys = append(keys, key.Key)
+	}
+	return keys, err
+}
--- a/initialize/ssh_keys_test.go
+++ b/initialize/ssh_keys_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCloudConfigUsersUrlMarshal(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gh_res := `
+[
+  {
+    "key": "ssh-dss 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"
+  },
+  {
+    "key": "ssh-dss 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"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 5224438,
+    "key": "ssh-dss AAAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAPKRWdKhzGZuLAJL6M1eM51hWViMqNBC2C6lm2OqGRYLuIf1GJ391widUuSf4wQqnkR22Q9PCmAZ19XCf11wBRMnuw9I/Z3Bt5bXfc+dzFBCmHYGJ6wNSv++H9jxyMb+usmsenWOFZGNO2jN0wrJ4ay8Yt0bwtRU+VCXpuRLszMzAAAAFQDZUIuPjcfK5HLgnwZ/J3lvtvlUjQAAAIEApIkAwLuCQV5j3U6DmI/Y6oELqSUR2purFm8jo8jePFfe1t+ghikgD254/JXlhDCVgY0NLXcak+coJfGCTT23quJ7I5xdpTn/OZO2Q6Woum/bijFC/UWwQbLz0R2nU3DoHv5v6XHQZxuIG4Fsxa91S+vWjZFtI7RuYlBCZA//ANMAAACBAJO0FojzkX6IeaWLqrgu9GTkFwGFazZ+LPH5JOWPoPn1hQKuR32Uf6qNcBZcIjY7SF0P7HF5rLQd6zKZzHqqQQ92MV555NEwjsnJglYU8CaaZsfYooaGPgA1YN7RhTSAuDmUW5Hyfj5BH4NTtrzrvJxIhDoQLf31Fasjw00r4R0O"
+  }
+]
+`
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, gh_res)
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	keys, err := fetchUserKeys(ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	expected := "ssh-dss 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"
+	if keys[0] != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %s, got %s", expected, keys[0])
+	}
+	expected = "ssh-dss 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"
+	if keys[2] != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %s, got %s", expected, keys[2])
+	}
+
+}
+func TestCloudConfigUsersSSHImportURL(t *testing.T) {
+
+	contents := `
+users:
+  - name: elroy
+    coreos-ssh-import-url: https://token:x-auth-token@github.enterprise.com/api/v3/polvi/keys
+`
+	cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Encountered unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(cfg.Users) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Parsed %d users, expected 1", cfg.Users)
+	}
+
+	user := cfg.Users[0]
+
+	if user.Name != "elroy" {
+		t.Errorf("User name is %q, expected 'elroy'", user.Name)
+	}
+
+	if user.SSHImportURL != "https://token:x-auth-token@github.enterprise.com/api/v3/polvi/keys" {
+		t.Errorf("ssh import url is %q, expected 'https://token:x-auth-token@github.enterprise.com/api/v3/polvi/keys'", user.SSHImportURL)
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/update.go
+++ b/initialize/update.go
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+const (
+	locksmithUnit = "locksmithd.service"
+)
+
+// updateOption represents a configurable update option, which, if set, will be
+// written into update.conf, replacing any existing value for the option
+type updateOption struct {
+	key    string   // key used to configure this option in cloud-config
+	valid  []string // valid values for the option
+	prefix string   // prefix for the option in the update.conf file
+	value  string   // used to store the new value in update.conf (including prefix)
+	seen   bool     // whether the option has been seen in any existing update.conf
+}
+
+// updateOptions defines the update options understood by cloud-config.
+// The keys represent the string used in cloud-config to configure the option.
+var updateOptions = []*updateOption{
+	&updateOption{
+		key:    "reboot-strategy",
+		prefix: "REBOOT_STRATEGY=",
+		valid:  []string{"best-effort", "etcd-lock", "reboot", "off"},
+	},
+	&updateOption{
+		key:    "group",
+		prefix: "GROUP=",
+		valid:  []string{"master", "beta", "alpha", "stable"},
+	},
+	&updateOption{
+		key:    "server",
+		prefix: "SERVER=",
+	},
+}
+
+// isValid checks whether a supplied value is valid for this option
+func (uo updateOption) isValid(val string) bool {
+	if len(uo.valid) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, v := range uo.valid {
+		if val == v {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type UpdateConfig map[string]string
+
+// File generates an `/etc/coreos/update.conf` file (if any update
+// configuration options are set in cloud-config) by either rewriting the
+// existing file on disk, or starting from `/usr/share/coreos/update.conf`
+func (uc UpdateConfig) File(root string) (*system.File, error) {
+	if len(uc) < 1 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var out string
+
+	// Generate the list of possible substitutions to be performed based on the options that are configured
+	subs := make([]*updateOption, 0)
+	for _, uo := range updateOptions {
+		val, ok := uc[uo.key]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !uo.isValid(val) {
+			return nil, errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("invalid value %v for option %v (valid options: %v)", val, uo.key, uo.valid))
+		}
+		uo.value = uo.prefix + val
+		subs = append(subs, uo)
+	}
+
+	etcUpdate := path.Join(root, "etc", "coreos", "update.conf")
+	usrUpdate := path.Join(root, "usr", "share", "coreos", "update.conf")
+
+	conf, err := os.Open(etcUpdate)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		conf, err = os.Open(usrUpdate)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(conf)
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		for _, s := range subs {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(line, s.prefix) {
+				line = s.value
+				s.seen = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		out += line
+		out += "\n"
+		if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, s := range subs {
+		if !s.seen {
+			out += s.value
+			out += "\n"
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &system.File{
+		Path:               path.Join("etc", "coreos", "update.conf"),
+		RawFilePermissions: "0644",
+		Content:            out,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// GetUnit generates a locksmith system.Unit, if reboot-strategy was set in
+// cloud-config, for the cloud-init initializer to act on appropriately
+func (uc UpdateConfig) Unit(root string) (*system.Unit, error) {
+	strategy, ok := uc["reboot-strategy"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	u := &system.Unit{
+		Name:    locksmithUnit,
+		Command: "restart",
+		Mask:    false,
+	}
+
+	if strategy == "off" {
+		u.Command = "stop"
+		u.Mask = true
+	}
+
+	return u, nil
+}
--- a/initialize/update_test.go
+++ b/initialize/update_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+const (
+	base = `SERVER=https://example.com
+GROUP=thegroupc`
+	configured = base + `
+REBOOT_STRATEGY=awesome
+`
+	expected = base + `
+REBOOT_STRATEGY=etcd-lock
+`
+)
+
+func setupFixtures(dir string) {
+	os.MkdirAll(path.Join(dir, "usr", "share", "coreos"), 0755)
+	os.MkdirAll(path.Join(dir, "run", "systemd", "system"), 0755)
+
+	ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(dir, "usr", "share", "coreos", "update.conf"), []byte(base), 0644)
+}
+
+func TestEmptyUpdateConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	uc := &UpdateConfig{}
+	f, err := uc.File("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error("unexpected error getting file from empty UpdateConfig")
+	}
+	if f != nil {
+		t.Errorf("getting file from empty UpdateConfig should have returned nil, got %v", f)
+	}
+	u, err := uc.Unit("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error("unexpected error getting unit from empty UpdateConfig")
+	}
+	if u != nil {
+		t.Errorf("getting unit from empty UpdateConfig should have returned nil, got %v", u)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInvalidUpdateOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	uon := &updateOption{
+		key:    "numbers",
+		prefix: "numero_",
+		valid:  []string{"one", "two"},
+	}
+	uoa := &updateOption{
+		key:    "any_will_do",
+		prefix: "any_",
+	}
+
+	if !uon.isValid("one") {
+		t.Error("update option did not accept valid option \"one\"")
+	}
+	if uon.isValid("three") {
+		t.Error("update option accepted invalid option \"three\"")
+	}
+	for _, s := range []string{"one", "asdf", "foobarbaz"} {
+		if !uoa.isValid(s) {
+			t.Errorf("update option with no \"valid\" field did not accept %q", s)
+		}
+	}
+
+	uc := &UpdateConfig{"reboot-strategy": "wizzlewazzle"}
+	f, err := uc.File("")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("File did not give an error on invalid UpdateOption")
+	}
+	if f != nil {
+		t.Errorf("File did not return a nil file on invalid UpdateOption")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServerGroupOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+	setupFixtures(dir)
+	u := &UpdateConfig{"group": "master", "server": "http://foo.com"}
+
+	want := `
+GROUP=master
+SERVER=http://foo.com`
+
+	f, err := u.File(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected error getting file from UpdateConfig: %v", err)
+	} else if f == nil {
+		t.Error("unexpectedly got empty file from UpdateConfig")
+	} else {
+		out := strings.Split(f.Content, "\n")
+		sort.Strings(out)
+		got := strings.Join(out, "\n")
+		if got != want {
+			t.Errorf("File has incorrect contents, got %v, want %v", got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRebootStrategies(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+	setupFixtures(dir)
+	strategies := []struct {
+		name     string
+		line     string
+		uMask    bool
+		uCommand string
+	}{
+		{"best-effort", "REBOOT_STRATEGY=best-effort", false, "restart"},
+		{"etcd-lock", "REBOOT_STRATEGY=etcd-lock", false, "restart"},
+		{"reboot", "REBOOT_STRATEGY=reboot", false, "restart"},
+		{"off", "REBOOT_STRATEGY=off", true, "stop"},
+	}
+	for _, s := range strategies {
+		uc := &UpdateConfig{"reboot-strategy": s.name}
+		f, err := uc.File(dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("update failed to generate file for reboot-strategy=%v: %v", s.name, err)
+		} else if f == nil {
+			t.Errorf("generated empty file for reboot-strategy=%v", s.name)
+		} else {
+			seen := false
+			for _, line := range strings.Split(f.Content, "\n") {
+				if line == s.line {
+					seen = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !seen {
+				t.Errorf("couldn't find expected line %v for reboot-strategy=%v", s.line)
+			}
+		}
+		u, err := uc.Unit(dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to generate unit for reboot-strategy=%v!", s.name)
+		} else if u == nil {
+			t.Errorf("generated empty unit for reboot-strategy=%v", s.name)
+		} else {
+			if u.Name != locksmithUnit {
+				t.Errorf("unit generated for reboot strategy=%v had bad name: %v", s.name, u.Name)
+			}
+			if u.Mask != s.uMask {
+				t.Errorf("unit generated for reboot strategy=%v had bad mask: %t", s.name, u.Mask)
+			}
+			if u.Command != s.uCommand {
+				t.Errorf("unit generated for reboot strategy=%v had bad command: %v", s.name, u.Command)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+}
+
+func TestUpdateConfWrittenToDisk(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+	setupFixtures(dir)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		if i == 1 {
+			err = ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(dir, "etc", "coreos", "update.conf"), []byte(configured), 0644)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+		uc := &UpdateConfig{"reboot-strategy": "etcd-lock"}
+
+		f, err := uc.File(dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Processing UpdateConfig failed: %v", err)
+		} else if f == nil {
+			t.Fatal("Unexpectedly got nil updateconfig file")
+		}
+
+		f.Path = path.Join(dir, f.Path)
+		if err := system.WriteFile(f); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Error writing update config: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		fullPath := path.Join(dir, "etc", "coreos", "update.conf")
+
+		fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if fi.Mode() != os.FileMode(0644) {
+			t.Errorf("File has incorrect mode: %v", fi.Mode())
+		}
+
+		contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if string(contents) != expected {
+			t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents, got %v, wanted %v", string(contents), expected)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/user_data.go
+++ b/initialize/user_data.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+func ParseUserData(contents string) (interface{}, error) {
+	header := strings.SplitN(contents, "\n", 2)[0]
+
+	// Explicitly trim the header so we can handle user-data from
+	// non-unix operating systems. The rest of the file is parsed
+	// by goyaml, which correctly handles CRLF.
+	header = strings.TrimSpace(header)
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(header, "#!") {
+		log.Printf("Parsing user-data as script")
+		return system.Script(contents), nil
+
+	} else if header == "#cloud-config" {
+		log.Printf("Parsing user-data as cloud-config")
+		cfg, err := NewCloudConfig(contents)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err.Error())
+		}
+		return *cfg, nil
+	} else {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unrecognized user-data header: %s", header)
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/user_data_test.go
+++ b/initialize/user_data_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseHeaderCRLF(t *testing.T) {
+	configs := []string{
+		"#cloud-config\nfoo: bar",
+		"#cloud-config\r\nfoo: bar",
+	}
+
+	for i, config := range configs {
+		_, err := ParseUserData(config)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Failed parsing config %d: %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	scripts := []string{
+		"#!bin/bash\necho foo",
+		"#!bin/bash\r\necho foo",
+	}
+
+	for i, script := range scripts {
+		_, err := ParseUserData(script)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Failed parsing script %d: %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseConfigCRLF(t *testing.T) {
+	contents := "#cloud-config\r\nhostname: foo\r\nssh_authorized_keys:\r\n  - foobar\r\n"
+	ud, err := ParseUserData(contents)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed parsing config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := ud.(CloudConfig)
+
+	if cfg.Hostname != "foo" {
+		t.Error("Failed parsing hostname from config")
+	}
+
+	if len(cfg.SSHAuthorizedKeys) != 1 {
+		t.Error("Parsed incorrect number of SSH keys")
+	}
+}
--- a/initialize/workspace.go
+++ b/initialize/workspace.go
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package initialize
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/system"
+)
+
+func PrepWorkspace(workspace string) error {
+	if err := system.EnsureDirectoryExists(workspace); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	scripts := path.Join(workspace, "scripts")
+	if err := system.EnsureDirectoryExists(scripts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func PersistScriptInWorkspace(script system.Script, workspace string) (string, error) {
+	scriptsPath := path.Join(workspace, "scripts")
+	tmp, err := ioutil.TempFile(scriptsPath, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	tmp.Close()
+
+	file := system.File{
+		Path: tmp.Name(),
+		RawFilePermissions: "0744",
+		Content: string(script),
+	}
+
+	err = system.WriteFile(&file)
+	return file.Path, err
+}
+
+func PersistUnitNameInWorkspace(name string, workspace string) error {
+	file := system.File{
+		Path: path.Join(workspace, "scripts", "unit-name"),
+		RawFilePermissions: "0644",
+		Content: name,
+	}
+	return system.WriteFile(&file)
+}
--- a/pkg/http_client.go
+++ b/pkg/http_client.go
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	neturl "net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	HTTP_2xx = 2
+	HTTP_4xx = 4
+)
+
+type HttpClient struct {
+	// Maximum exp backoff duration. Defaults to 5 seconds
+	MaxBackoff time.Duration
+
+	// Maximum number of connection retries. Defaults to 15
+	MaxRetries int
+
+	// HTTP client timeout, this is suggested to be low since exponential
+	// backoff will kick off too. Defaults to 2 seconds
+	Timeout time.Duration
+
+	// Whether or not to skip TLS verification. Defaults to false
+	SkipTLS bool
+}
+
+func NewHttpClient() *HttpClient {
+	return &HttpClient{
+		MaxBackoff: time.Second * 5,
+		MaxRetries: 15,
+		Timeout:    time.Duration(2) * time.Second,
+		SkipTLS:    false,
+	}
+}
+
+func expBackoff(interval, max time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	interval = interval * 2
+	if interval > max {
+		interval = max
+	}
+	return interval
+}
+
+// Fetches a given URL with support for exponential backoff and maximum retries
+func (h *HttpClient) Get(rawurl string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if rawurl == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("URL is empty. Skipping.")
+	}
+
+	url, err := neturl.Parse(rawurl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Unfortunately, url.Parse is too generic to throw errors if a URL does not
+	// have a valid HTTP scheme. So, we have to do this extra validation
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(url.Scheme, "http") {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("URL %s does not have a valid HTTP scheme. Skipping.", rawurl)
+	}
+
+	dataURL := url.String()
+
+	// We need to create our own client in order to add timeout support.
+	// TODO(c4milo) Replace it once Go 1.3 is officially used by CoreOS
+	// More info: https://code.google.com/p/go/source/detail?r=ada6f2d5f99f
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
+			InsecureSkipVerify: h.SkipTLS,
+		},
+		Dial: func(network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			deadline := time.Now().Add(h.Timeout)
+			c, err := net.DialTimeout(network, addr, h.Timeout)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			c.SetDeadline(deadline)
+			return c, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Transport: transport,
+	}
+
+	duration := 50 * time.Millisecond
+	for retry := 1; retry <= h.MaxRetries; retry++ {
+		log.Printf("Fetching data from %s. Attempt #%d", dataURL, retry)
+
+		resp, err := client.Get(dataURL)
+
+		if err == nil {
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+			status := resp.StatusCode / 100
+
+			if status == HTTP_2xx {
+				return ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+			}
+
+			if status == HTTP_4xx {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("Not found. HTTP status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
+			}
+
+			log.Printf("Server error. HTTP status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
+		} else {
+			log.Printf("Unable to fetch data: %s", err.Error())
+		}
+
+		duration = expBackoff(duration, h.MaxBackoff)
+		log.Printf("Sleeping for %v...", duration)
+		time.Sleep(duration)
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to fetch data. Maximum retries reached: %d", h.MaxRetries)
+}
--- a/pkg/http_client_test.go
+++ b/pkg/http_client_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestExpBackoff(t *testing.T) {
+	duration := time.Millisecond
+	max := time.Hour
+	for i := 0; i < math.MaxUint16; i++ {
+		duration = expBackoff(duration, max)
+		if duration < 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("duration too small: %v %v", duration, i)
+		}
+		if duration > max {
+			t.Fatalf("duration too large: %v %v", duration, i)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Test exponential backoff and that it continues retrying if a 5xx response is
+// received
+func TestGetURLExpBackOff(t *testing.T) {
+	var expBackoffTests = []struct {
+		count int
+		body  string
+	}{
+		{0, "number of attempts: 0"},
+		{1, "number of attempts: 1"},
+		{2, "number of attempts: 2"},
+	}
+	client := NewHttpClient()
+
+	for i, tt := range expBackoffTests {
+		mux := http.NewServeMux()
+		count := 0
+		mux.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			if count == tt.count {
+				io.WriteString(w, fmt.Sprintf("number of attempts: %d", count))
+				return
+			}
+			count++
+			http.Error(w, "", 500)
+		})
+		ts := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+		defer ts.Close()
+
+		data, err := client.Get(ts.URL)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Test case %d produced error: %v", i, err)
+		}
+
+		if count != tt.count {
+			t.Errorf("Test case %d failed: %d != %d", i, count, tt.count)
+		}
+
+		if string(data) != tt.body {
+			t.Errorf("Test case %d failed: %s != %s", i, tt.body, data)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Test that it stops retrying if a 4xx response comes back
+func TestGetURL4xx(t *testing.T) {
+	client := NewHttpClient()
+	retries := 0
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		retries++
+		http.Error(w, "", 404)
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	_, err := client.Get(ts.URL)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Incorrect result\ngot:  %s\nwant: %s", err.Error(), "Not found. HTTP status code: 404")
+	}
+
+	if retries > 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Number of retries:\n%d\nExpected number of retries:\n%s", retries, 1)
+	}
+}
+
+// Test that it fetches and returns user-data just fine
+func TestGetURL2xx(t *testing.T) {
+	var cloudcfg = `
+#cloud-config
+coreos: 
+	oem:
+	    id: test
+	    name: CoreOS.box for Test
+	    version-id: %VERSION_ID%+%BUILD_ID%
+	    home-url: https://github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit
+	    bug-report-url: https://github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit
+	update:
+		reboot-strategy: best-effort
+`
+
+	client := NewHttpClient()
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		fmt.Fprint(w, cloudcfg)
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	data, err := client.Get(ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Incorrect result\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", err, nil)
+	}
+
+	if string(data) != cloudcfg {
+		t.Errorf("Incorrect result\ngot:  %s\nwant: %s", string(data), cloudcfg)
+	}
+}
+
+// Test attempt to fetching using malformed URL
+func TestGetMalformedURL(t *testing.T) {
+	client := NewHttpClient()
+
+	var tests = []struct {
+		url  string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"boo", "URL boo does not have a valid HTTP scheme. Skipping."},
+		{"mailto://boo", "URL mailto://boo does not have a valid HTTP scheme. Skipping."},
+		{"ftp://boo", "URL ftp://boo does not have a valid HTTP scheme. Skipping."},
+		{"", "URL is empty. Skipping."},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		_, err := client.Get(test.url)
+		if err == nil || err.Error() != test.want {
+			t.Errorf("Incorrect result\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", err, test.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/src/github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit
+++ b/src/github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../../../
--- a/system/file.go
+++ b/system/file.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+type File struct {
+	Encoding           string
+	Content            string
+	Owner              string
+	Path               string
+	RawFilePermissions string `yaml:"permissions"`
+}
+
+func (f *File) Permissions() (os.FileMode, error) {
+	if f.RawFilePermissions == "" {
+		return os.FileMode(0644), nil
+	}
+
+	// Parse string representation of file mode as octal
+	perm, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.RawFilePermissions, 8, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, errors.New("Unable to parse file permissions as octal integer")
+	}
+	return os.FileMode(perm), nil
+}
+
+func WriteFile(f *File) error {
+	if f.Encoding != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Unable to write file with encoding %s", f.Encoding)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(f.Path), os.FileMode(0755)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	perm, err := f.Permissions()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(f.Path, []byte(f.Content), perm); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if f.Owner != "" {
+		// We shell out since we don't have a way to look up unix groups natively
+		cmd := exec.Command("chown", f.Owner, f.Path)
+		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func EnsureDirectoryExists(dir string) error {
+	info, err := os.Stat(dir)
+	if err == nil {
+		if !info.IsDir() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a directory", dir)
+		}
+	} else {
+		err = os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/cloudinit/write_file_test.go
+++ b/cloudinit/write_file_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package cloudinit
+package system

 import (
 	"io/ioutil"
@@ -9,22 +9,23 @@ import (
 )

 func TestWriteFileUnencodedContent(t *testing.T) {
-	wf := WriteFile{
-		Path:        "/tmp/foo",
-		Content:     "bar",
-		Permissions: "0644",
-	}
 	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer syscall.Rmdir(dir)

-	if err := ProcessWriteFile(dir, &wf); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Processing of WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "tmp", "foo")
+
+	wf := File{
+		Path:        fullPath,
+		Content:     "bar",
+		RawFilePermissions: "0644",
 	}

-	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "tmp", "foo")
+	if err := WriteFile(&wf); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Processing of WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}

 	fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -46,36 +47,65 @@ func TestWriteFileUnencodedContent(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestWriteFileInvalidPermission(t *testing.T) {
-	wf := WriteFile{
-		Path:        "/tmp/foo",
-		Content:     "bar",
-		Permissions: "pants",
-	}
 	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer syscall.Rmdir(dir)

-	if err := ProcessWriteFile(dir, &wf); err == nil {
+	wf := File{
+		Path:        path.Join(dir, "tmp", "foo"),
+		Content:     "bar",
+		RawFilePermissions: "pants",
+	}
+
+	if err := WriteFile(&wf); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected error to be raised when writing file with invalid permission")
 	}
 }

-func TestWriteFileEncodedContent(t *testing.T) {
-	wf := WriteFile{
-		Path: "/tmp/foo",
-		Content: "",
-		Encoding: "base64",
-	}
-
+func TestWriteFilePermissions(t *testing.T) {
 	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer syscall.Rmdir(dir)

-	if err := ProcessWriteFile(dir, &wf); err == nil {
+	fullPath := path.Join(dir, "tmp", "foo")
+
+	wf := File{
+		Path:               fullPath,
+		RawFilePermissions: "0755",
+	}
+
+	if err := WriteFile(&wf); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Processing of WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if fi.Mode() != os.FileMode(0755) {
+		t.Errorf("File has incorrect mode: %v", fi.Mode())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteFileEncodedContent(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer syscall.Rmdir(dir)
+
+	wf := File{
+		Path: path.Join(dir, "tmp", "foo"),
+		Content: "",
+		Encoding: "base64",
+	}
+
+	if err := WriteFile(&wf); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected error to be raised when writing file with encoding")
 	}
 }
--- a/cloudinit/ssh_key.go
+++ b/cloudinit/ssh_key.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package cloudinit
+package system

 import (
 	"fmt"
--- a/system/systemd.go
+++ b/system/systemd.go
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus"
+)
+
+// fakeMachineID is placed on non-usr CoreOS images and should
+// never be used as a true MachineID
+const fakeMachineID = "42000000000000000000000000000042"
+
+// Name for drop-in service configuration files created by cloudconfig
+const cloudConfigDropIn = "20-cloudinit.conf"
+
+type Unit struct {
+	Name    string
+	Mask    bool
+	Enable  bool
+	Runtime bool
+	Content string
+	Command string
+
+	// For drop-in units, a cloudinit.conf is generated.
+	// This is currently unbound in YAML (and hence unsettable in cloud-config files)
+	// until the correct behaviour for multiple drop-in units is determined.
+	DropIn bool `yaml:"-"`
+}
+
+func (u *Unit) Type() string {
+	ext := filepath.Ext(u.Name)
+	return strings.TrimLeft(ext, ".")
+}
+
+func (u *Unit) Group() (group string) {
+	t := u.Type()
+	if t == "network" || t == "netdev" || t == "link" {
+		group = "network"
+	} else {
+		group = "system"
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+type Script []byte
+
+// UnitDestination builds the appropriate absolute file path for
+// the given Unit. The root argument indicates the effective base
+// directory of the system (similar to a chroot).
+func UnitDestination(u *Unit, root string) string {
+	dir := "etc"
+	if u.Runtime {
+		dir = "run"
+	}
+
+	if u.DropIn {
+		return path.Join(root, dir, "systemd", u.Group(), fmt.Sprintf("%s.d", u.Name), cloudConfigDropIn)
+	} else {
+		return path.Join(root, dir, "systemd", u.Group(), u.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+// PlaceUnit writes a unit file at the provided destination, creating
+// parent directories as necessary.
+func PlaceUnit(u *Unit, dst string) error {
+	dir := filepath.Dir(dst)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(dir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, os.FileMode(0755)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	file := File{
+		Path:               dst,
+		Content:            u.Content,
+		RawFilePermissions: "0644",
+	}
+
+	err := WriteFile(&file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func EnableUnitFile(unit string, runtime bool) error {
+	conn, err := dbus.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	units := []string{unit}
+	_, _, err = conn.EnableUnitFiles(units, runtime, true)
+	return err
+}
+
+func RunUnitCommand(command, unit string) (string, error) {
+	conn, err := dbus.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	var fn func(string, string) (string, error)
+	switch command {
+	case "start":
+		fn = conn.StartUnit
+	case "stop":
+		fn = conn.StopUnit
+	case "restart":
+		fn = conn.RestartUnit
+	case "reload":
+		fn = conn.ReloadUnit
+	case "try-restart":
+		fn = conn.TryRestartUnit
+	case "reload-or-restart":
+		fn = conn.ReloadOrRestartUnit
+	case "reload-or-try-restart":
+		fn = conn.ReloadOrTryRestartUnit
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Unsupported systemd command %q", command)
+	}
+
+	return fn(unit, "replace")
+}
+
+func DaemonReload() error {
+	conn, err := dbus.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return conn.Reload()
+}
+
+func ExecuteScript(scriptPath string) (string, error) {
+	props := []dbus.Property{
+		dbus.PropDescription("Unit generated and executed by coreos-cloudinit on behalf of user"),
+		dbus.PropExecStart([]string{"/bin/bash", scriptPath}, false),
+	}
+
+	base := path.Base(scriptPath)
+	name := fmt.Sprintf("coreos-cloudinit-%s.service", base)
+
+	log.Printf("Creating transient systemd unit '%s'", name)
+
+	conn, err := dbus.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	_, err = conn.StartTransientUnit(name, "replace", props...)
+	return name, err
+}
+
+func SetHostname(hostname string) error {
+	return exec.Command("hostnamectl", "set-hostname", hostname).Run()
+}
+
+func Hostname() (string, error) {
+	return os.Hostname()
+}
+
+func MachineID(root string) string {
+	contents, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(root, "etc", "machine-id"))
+	id := strings.TrimSpace(string(contents))
+
+	if id == fakeMachineID {
+		id = ""
+	}
+
+	return id
+}
+
+// MaskUnit masks a Unit by the given name by symlinking its unit file (in
+// /etc/systemd/system) to /dev/null, analogous to `systemctl mask`
+// N.B.: Unlike `systemctl mask`, this function will *remove any existing unit
+// file* in /etc/systemd/system, to ensure that the mask will succeed.
+func MaskUnit(unit string, root string) error {
+	masked := path.Join(root, "etc", "systemd", "system", unit)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(masked); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(masked), os.FileMode(0755)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else if err := os.Remove(masked); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.Symlink("/dev/null", masked)
+}
--- a/system/systemd_test.go
+++ b/system/systemd_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPlaceNetworkUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	u := Unit{
+		Name:    "50-eth0.network",
+		Runtime: true,
+		Content: `[Match]
+Name=eth47
+
+[Network]
+Address=10.209.171.177/19
+`,
+	}
+
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	dst := UnitDestination(&u, dir)
+	expectDst := path.Join(dir, "run", "systemd", "network", "50-eth0.network")
+	if dst != expectDst {
+		t.Fatalf("UnitDestination returned %s, expected %s", dst, expectDst)
+	}
+
+	if err := PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PlaceUnit failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fi, err := os.Stat(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if fi.Mode() != os.FileMode(0644) {
+		t.Errorf("File has incorrect mode: %v", fi.Mode())
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	expectContents := `[Match]
+Name=eth47
+
+[Network]
+Address=10.209.171.177/19
+`
+	if string(contents) != expectContents {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents '%s'.\nExpected '%s'", string(contents), expectContents)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUnitDestination(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := "/some/dir"
+	name := "foobar.service"
+
+	u := Unit{
+		Name:   name,
+		DropIn: false,
+	}
+
+	dst := UnitDestination(&u, dir)
+	expectDst := path.Join(dir, "etc", "systemd", "system", "foobar.service")
+	if dst != expectDst {
+		t.Errorf("UnitDestination returned %s, expected %s", dst, expectDst)
+	}
+
+	u.DropIn = true
+
+	dst = UnitDestination(&u, dir)
+	expectDst = path.Join(dir, "etc", "systemd", "system", "foobar.service.d", cloudConfigDropIn)
+	if dst != expectDst {
+		t.Errorf("UnitDestination returned %s, expected %s", dst, expectDst)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPlaceMountUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	u := Unit{
+		Name:    "media-state.mount",
+		Runtime: false,
+		Content: `[Mount]
+What=/dev/sdb1
+Where=/media/state
+`,
+	}
+
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	dst := UnitDestination(&u, dir)
+	expectDst := path.Join(dir, "etc", "systemd", "system", "media-state.mount")
+	if dst != expectDst {
+		t.Fatalf("UnitDestination returned %s, expected %s", dst, expectDst)
+	}
+
+	if err := PlaceUnit(&u, dst); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PlaceUnit failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fi, err := os.Stat(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to stat file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if fi.Mode() != os.FileMode(0644) {
+		t.Errorf("File has incorrect mode: %v", fi.Mode())
+	}
+
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read expected file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	expectContents := `[Mount]
+What=/dev/sdb1
+Where=/media/state
+`
+	if string(contents) != expectContents {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents '%s'.\nExpected '%s'", string(contents), expectContents)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMachineID(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	os.Mkdir(path.Join(dir, "etc"), os.FileMode(0755))
+	ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(dir, "etc", "machine-id"), []byte("node007\n"), os.FileMode(0444))
+
+	if MachineID(dir) != "node007" {
+		t.Fatalf("File has incorrect contents")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMaskUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "coreos-cloudinit-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create tempdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	// Ensure mask works with units that do not currently exist
+	if err := MaskUnit("foo.service", dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to mask new unit: %v", err)
+	}
+	fooPath := path.Join(dir, "etc", "systemd", "system", "foo.service")
+	fooTgt, err := os.Readlink(fooPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read link", err)
+	}
+	if fooTgt != "/dev/null" {
+		t.Fatalf("unit not masked, got unit target", fooTgt)
+	}
+
+	// Ensure mask works with unit files that already exist
+	barPath := path.Join(dir, "etc", "systemd", "system", "bar.service")
+	if _, err := os.Create(barPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error creating new unit file: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := MaskUnit("bar.service", dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to mask existing unit: %v", err)
+	}
+	barTgt, err := os.Readlink(barPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read link", err)
+	}
+	if barTgt != "/dev/null" {
+		t.Fatalf("unit not masked, got unit target", barTgt)
+	}
+}
--- a/cloudinit/user.go
+++ b/cloudinit/user.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package cloudinit
+package system

 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -9,17 +9,19 @@ import (
 )

 type User struct {
-	Name              string   `yaml:"name"`
-	PasswordHash      string   `yaml:"passwd"`
-	SSHAuthorizedKeys []string `yaml:"ssh-authorized-keys"`
-	GECOS             string   `yaml:"gecos"`
-	Homedir           string   `yaml:"homedir"`
-	NoCreateHome      bool     `yaml:"no-create-home"`
-	PrimaryGroup      string   `yaml:"primary-group"`
-	Groups            []string `yaml:"groups"`
-	NoUserGroup       bool     `yaml:"no-user-group"`
-	System            bool     `yaml:"system"`
-	NoLogInit         bool     `yaml:"no-log-init"`
+	Name                string   `yaml:"name"`
+	PasswordHash        string   `yaml:"passwd"`
+	SSHAuthorizedKeys   []string `yaml:"ssh-authorized-keys"`
+	SSHImportGithubUser string   `yaml:"coreos-ssh-import-github"`
+	SSHImportURL        string   `yaml:"coreos-ssh-import-url"`
+	GECOS               string   `yaml:"gecos"`
+	Homedir             string   `yaml:"homedir"`
+	NoCreateHome        bool     `yaml:"no-create-home"`
+	PrimaryGroup        string   `yaml:"primary-group"`
+	Groups              []string `yaml:"groups"`
+	NoUserGroup         bool     `yaml:"no-user-group"`
+	System              bool     `yaml:"system"`
+	NoLogInit           bool     `yaml:"no-log-init"`
 }

 func UserExists(u *User) bool {
@@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ func CreateUser(u *User) error {

 	if u.PasswordHash != "" {
 		args = append(args, "--password", u.PasswordHash)
+	} else {
+		args = append(args, "--password", "*")
 	}

 	if u.GECOS != "" {
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ func CreateUser(u *User) error {
 	}

 	if u.PrimaryGroup != "" {
-		args = append(args, "--primary-group", u.PrimaryGroup)
+		args = append(args, "--gid", u.PrimaryGroup)
 	}

 	if len(u.Groups) > 0 {
--- a/37
+++ b/37
@@ -1,8 +1,37 @@
 #!/bin/bash -e
+#
+# Run all coreos-cloudinit tests
+#   ./test
+#   ./test -v
+#
+# Run tests for one package
+#   PKG=initialize ./test
+#

-echo "Building bin/coreos-cloudinit"
-. build
+# Invoke ./cover for HTML output
+COVER=${COVER:-"-cover"}
+
+source ./build
+
+declare -a TESTPKGS=(initialize system datasource pkg)
+
+if [ -z "$PKG" ]; then
+	GOFMTPATH="$TESTPKGS coreos-cloudinit.go"
+	# prepend repo path to each package
+	TESTPKGS=${TESTPKGS[@]/#/${REPO_PATH}/}
+else
+	GOFMTPATH="$TESTPKGS"
+	# strip out slashes and dots from PKG=./foo/
+	TESTPKGS=${PKG//\//}
+	TESTPKGS=${TESTPKGS//./}
+	TESTPKGS=${TESTPKGS/#/${REPO_PATH}/}
+fi

 echo "Running tests..."
-go test -i github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/cloudinit
-go test -v github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/cloudinit
+go test -i ${TESTPKGS}
+go test ${COVER} $@ ${TESTPKGS}
+
+echo "Checking gofmt..."
+fmtRes=$(gofmt -l $GOFMTPATH)
+
+echo "Success"
--- a/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus/dbus.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus/dbus.go
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ limitations under the License.
 package dbus

 import (
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"

@@ -73,7 +75,12 @@ func (c *Conn) initConnection() error {
 		return err
 	}

-	err = c.sysconn.Auth(nil)
+	// Only use EXTERNAL method, and hardcode the uid (not username)
+	// to avoid a username lookup (which requires a dynamically linked
+	// libc)
+	methods := []dbus.Auth{dbus.AuthExternal(strconv.Itoa(os.Getuid()))}
+
+	err = c.sysconn.Auth(methods)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.sysconn.Close()
 		return err
--- a/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus/methods.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus/methods.go
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ func (c *Conn) jobComplete(signal *dbus.Signal) {
 	out, ok := c.jobListener.jobs[job]
 	if ok {
 		out <- result
+		delete(c.jobListener.jobs, job)
 	}
 	c.jobListener.Unlock()
 }
@@ -137,8 +138,8 @@ func (c *Conn) KillUnit(name string, signal int32) {
 	c.sysobj.Call("org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.KillUnit", 0, name, "all", signal).Store()
 }

-// GetUnitProperties takes the unit name and returns all of its dbus object properties.
-func (c *Conn) GetUnitProperties(unit string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+// getProperties takes the unit name and returns all of its dbus object properties, for the given dbus interface
+func (c *Conn) getProperties(unit string, dbusInterface string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	var err error
 	var props map[string]dbus.Variant

@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ func (c *Conn) GetUnitProperties(unit string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	}

 	obj := c.sysconn.Object("org.freedesktop.systemd1", path)
-	err = obj.Call("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.GetAll", 0, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit").Store(&props)
+	err = obj.Call("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.GetAll", 0, dbusInterface).Store(&props)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -161,6 +162,55 @@ func (c *Conn) GetUnitProperties(unit string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	return out, nil
 }

+// GetUnitProperties takes the unit name and returns all of its dbus object properties.
+func (c *Conn) GetUnitProperties(unit string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	return c.getProperties(unit, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit")
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) getProperty(unit string, dbusInterface string, propertyName string) (*Property, error) {
+	var err error
+	var prop dbus.Variant
+
+	path := ObjectPath("/org/freedesktop/systemd1/unit/" + unit)
+	if !path.IsValid() {
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid unit name: " + unit)
+	}
+
+	obj := c.sysconn.Object("org.freedesktop.systemd1", path)
+	err = obj.Call("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get", 0, dbusInterface, propertyName).Store(&prop)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &Property{Name: propertyName, Value: prop}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) GetUnitProperty(unit string, propertyName string) (*Property, error) {
+	return c.getProperty(unit, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit", propertyName)
+}
+
+// GetUnitTypeProperties returns the extra properties for a unit, specific to the unit type.
+// Valid values for unitType: Service, Socket, Target, Device, Mount, Automount, Snapshot, Timer, Swap, Path, Slice, Scope
+// return "dbus.Error: Unknown interface" if the unitType is not the correct type of the unit
+func (c *Conn) GetUnitTypeProperties(unit string, unitType string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	return c.getProperties(unit, "org.freedesktop.systemd1."+unitType)
+}
+
+// SetUnitProperties() may be used to modify certain unit properties at runtime.
+// Not all properties may be changed at runtime, but many resource management
+// settings (primarily those in systemd.cgroup(5)) may. The changes are applied
+// instantly, and stored on disk for future boots, unless runtime is true, in which
+// case the settings only apply until the next reboot. name is the name of the unit
+// to modify. properties are the settings to set, encoded as an array of property
+// name and value pairs.
+func (c *Conn) SetUnitProperties(name string, runtime bool, properties ...Property) error {
+	return c.sysobj.Call("SetUnitProperties", 0, name, runtime, properties).Store()
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) GetUnitTypeProperty(unit string, unitType string, propertyName string) (*Property, error) {
+	return c.getProperty(unit, "org.freedesktop.systemd1." + unitType, propertyName)
+}
+
 // ListUnits returns an array with all currently loaded units. Note that
 // units may be known by multiple names at the same time, and hence there might
 // be more unit names loaded than actual units behind them.
@@ -253,8 +303,52 @@ type EnableUnitFileChange struct {
 	Destination string // Destination of the symlink
 }

+// DisableUnitFiles() may be used to disable one or more units in the system (by
+// removing symlinks to them from /etc or /run).
+//
+// It takes a list of unit files to disable (either just file names or full
+// absolute paths if the unit files are residing outside the usual unit
+// search paths), and one boolean: whether the unit was enabled for runtime
+// only (true, /run), or persistently (false, /etc).
+//
+// This call returns an array with the changes made. The changes list
+// consists of structures with three strings: the type of the change (one of
+// symlink or unlink), the file name of the symlink and the destination of the
+// symlink.
+func (c *Conn) DisableUnitFiles(files []string, runtime bool) ([]DisableUnitFileChange, error) {
+	result := make([][]interface{}, 0)
+	err := c.sysobj.Call("DisableUnitFiles", 0, files, runtime).Store(&result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	resultInterface := make([]interface{}, len(result))
+	for i := range result {
+		resultInterface[i] = result[i]
+	}
+
+	changes := make([]DisableUnitFileChange, len(result))
+	changesInterface := make([]interface{}, len(changes))
+	for i := range changes {
+		changesInterface[i] = &changes[i]
+	}
+
+	err = dbus.Store(resultInterface, changesInterface...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return changes, nil
+}
+
+type DisableUnitFileChange struct {
+	Type        string // Type of the change (one of symlink or unlink)
+	Filename    string // File name of the symlink
+	Destination string // Destination of the symlink
+}
+
 // Reload instructs systemd to scan for and reload unit files. This is
 // equivalent to a 'systemctl daemon-reload'.
-func (c *Conn) Reload() (string, error) {
-	return c.runJob("org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.Reload")
+func (c *Conn) Reload() error {
+	return c.sysobj.Call("org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.Reload", 0).Store()
 }
--- a/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus/methods_test.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus/methods_test.go
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ package dbus

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/third_party/github.com/guelfey/go.dbus"
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 )

@@ -50,13 +52,16 @@ func setupUnit(target string, conn *Conn, t *testing.T) {
 	fixture := []string{abs}

 	install, changes, err := conn.EnableUnitFiles(fixture, true, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}

 	if install != false {
 		t.Fatal("Install was true")
 	}

 	if len(changes) < 1 {
-		t.Fatal("Expected one change, got %v", changes)
+		t.Fatalf("Expected one change, got %v", changes)
 	}

 	if changes[0].Filename != targetRun {
@@ -118,6 +123,37 @@ func TestStartStopUnit(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+// Enables a unit and then immediately tears it down
+func TestEnableDisableUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	target := "enable-disable.service"
+	conn := setupConn(t)
+
+	setupUnit(target, conn, t)
+
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs("../fixtures/" + target)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	path := filepath.Join("/run/systemd/system/", target)
+
+	// 2. Disable the unit
+	changes, err := conn.DisableUnitFiles([]string{abs}, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if len(changes) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Changes should include the path, %v", changes)
+	}
+	if changes[0].Filename != path {
+		t.Fatalf("Change should include correct filename, %+v", changes[0])
+	}
+	if changes[0].Destination != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("Change destination should be empty, %+v", changes[0])
+	}
+}
+
 // TestGetUnitProperties reads the `-.mount` which should exist on all systemd
 // systems and ensures that one of its properties is valid.
 func TestGetUnitProperties(t *testing.T) {
@@ -139,6 +175,20 @@ func TestGetUnitProperties(t *testing.T) {
 	if names[0] != "system.slice" {
 		t.Fatal("unexpected wants for /")
 	}
+
+	prop, err := conn.GetUnitProperty(unit, "Wants")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if prop.Name != "Wants" {
+		t.Fatal("unexpected property name")
+	}
+
+	val := prop.Value.Value().([]string)
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(val, names) {
+		t.Fatal("unexpected property value")
+	}
 }

 // TestGetUnitPropertiesRejectsInvalidName attempts to get the properties for a
@@ -150,10 +200,37 @@ func TestGetUnitPropertiesRejectsInvalidName(t *testing.T) {
 	unit := "//invalid#$^/"

 	_, err := conn.GetUnitProperties(unit)
-
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("Expected an error, got nil")
 	}
+
+	_, err = conn.GetUnitProperty(unit, "Wants")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Expected an error, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSetUnitProperties changes a cgroup setting on the `tmp.mount`
+// which should exist on all systemd systems and ensures that the
+// property was set.
+func TestSetUnitProperties(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := setupConn(t)
+
+	unit := "tmp.mount"
+
+	if err := conn.SetUnitProperties(unit, true, Property{"CPUShares", dbus.MakeVariant(uint64(1023))}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	info, err := conn.GetUnitTypeProperties(unit, "Mount")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	value := info["CPUShares"].(uint64)
+	if value != 1023 {
+		t.Fatal("CPUShares of unit is not 1023, %s", value)
+	}
 }

 // Ensure that basic transient unit starting and stopping works.
@@ -211,3 +288,27 @@ func TestStartStopTransientUnit(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Test unit found in list, should be stopped")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestConnJobListener(t *testing.T) {
+	target := "start-stop.service"
+	conn := setupConn(t)
+
+	setupUnit(target, conn, t)
+
+	jobSize := len(conn.jobListener.jobs)
+
+	_, err := conn.StartUnit(target, "replace")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = conn.StopUnit(target, "replace")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	currentJobSize := len(conn.jobListener.jobs)
+	if jobSize != currentJobSize {
+		t.Fatal("JobListener jobs leaked")
+	}
+}
--- a/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus/properties.go
+++ b/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus/properties.go
@@ -209,3 +209,12 @@ func PropPropagatesReloadTo(units ...string) Property {
 func PropRequiresMountsFor(units ...string) Property {
 	return propDependency("RequiresMountsFor", units)
 }
+
+// PropSlice sets the Slice unit property.  See
+// http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.resource-control.html#Slice=
+func PropSlice(slice string) Property {
+	return Property{
+		Name:  "Slice",
+		Value: dbus.MakeVariant(slice),
+	}
+}
--- a/units/90-configdrive.rules
+++ b/units/90-configdrive.rules
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Automatically trigger configdrive mounting.
+
+ACTION!="add|change", GOTO="coreos_configdrive_end"
+
+# A normal config drive. Block device formatted with iso9660 or fat
+SUBSYSTEM=="block", ENV{ID_FS_TYPE}=="iso9660|vfat", ENV{ID_FS_LABEL}=="config-2", TAG+="systemd", ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS}+="configdrive-block.service"
+
+# Addtionally support virtfs from QEMU
+SUBSYSTEM=="virtio", DRIVER=="9pnet_virtio", ATTR{mount_tag}=="config-2", TAG+="systemd", ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS}+="configdrive-virtfs.service"
+
+LABEL="coreos_configdrive_end"
--- a/units/configdrive-block.service
+++ b/units/configdrive-block.service
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Mount config drive
+Conflicts=configdrive-virtfs.service umount.target
+ConditionPathIsMountPoint=!/media/configdrive
+# Only mount config drive block devices automatically in virtual machines
+ConditionVirtualization=vm
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+RemainAfterExit=no
+ExecStart=/bin/mount -t auto -o ro,x-mount.mkdir LABEL=config-2 /media/configdrive
--- a/units/configdrive-virtfs.service
+++ b/units/configdrive-virtfs.service
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Mount config drive from virtfs
+Conflicts=configdrive-block.service umount.target
+ConditionPathIsMountPoint=!/media/configdrive
+ConditionVirtualization=vm
+
+# Support old style setup for now
+Wants=addon-run@media-configdrive.service addon-config@media-configdrive.service
+Before=addon-run@media-configdrive.service addon-config@media-configdrive.service
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+RemainAfterExit=no
+ExecStart=/bin/mount -t 9p -o trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L,x-mount.mkdir config-2 /media/configdrive
--- a/units/system-cloudinit@.service
+++ b/units/system-cloudinit@.service
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Load cloud-config from %f
+Requires=dbus.service
+After=dbus.service
+Before=system-config.target
+ConditionFileNotEmpty=%f
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+RemainAfterExit=yes
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/coreos-cloudinit --from-file=%f
--- a/units/system-config.target
+++ b/units/system-config.target
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Load system-provided cloud configs
+
+# Generate /etc/environment
+Requires=coreos-setup-environment.service
+After=coreos-setup-environment.service
+
+# Load OEM cloud-config.yml
+Requires=system-cloudinit@usr-share-oem-cloud\x2dconfig.yml.service
+After=system-cloudinit@usr-share-oem-cloud\x2dconfig.yml.service
--- a/units/user-cloudinit-proc-cmdline.service
+++ b/units/user-cloudinit-proc-cmdline.service
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Load cloud-config from url defined in /proc/cmdline
+Requires=coreos-setup-environment.service
+After=coreos-setup-environment.service
+Before=user-config.target
+ConditionKernelCommandLine=cloud-config-url
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+RemainAfterExit=yes
+EnvironmentFile=-/etc/environment
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/coreos-cloudinit --from-proc-cmdline
--- a/units/user-cloudinit@.path
+++ b/units/user-cloudinit@.path
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Watch for a cloud-config at %f
+
+[Path]
+PathExists=%f
--- a/units/user-cloudinit@.service
+++ b/units/user-cloudinit@.service
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Load cloud-config from %f
+Requires=coreos-setup-environment.service
+After=coreos-setup-environment.service
+Before=user-config.target
+ConditionFileNotEmpty=%f
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+RemainAfterExit=yes
+EnvironmentFile=-/etc/environment
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/coreos-cloudinit --from-file=%f
--- a/units/user-cloudinit@media-configdrive-openstack-latest-user_data.service
+++ b/units/user-cloudinit@media-configdrive-openstack-latest-user_data.service
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Load cloud-config from %f
+Requires=coreos-setup-environment.service
+After=coreos-setup-environment.service
+Before=user-config.target
+ConditionFileNotEmpty=%f
+
+# HACK: work around ordering between config drive and ec2 metadata It is
+# possible for OpenStack style systems to provide both the metadata service
+# and config drive, to prevent the two from stomping on eachother force
+# this to run after OEM and after metadata (if it exsts). I'm doing this
+# here instead of in the ec2 service because the ec2 unit is not written
+# to disk until the OEM cloud config is evaluated and I want to make sure
+# systemd knows about the ordering as early as possible.
+# coreos-cloudinit could implement a simple lock but that cannot be used
+# until after the systemd dbus calls are made non-blocking.
+After=system-cloudinit@usr-share-oem-cloud\x2dconfig.yml.service
+After=ec2-cloudinit.service
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+RemainAfterExit=yes
+EnvironmentFile=-/etc/environment
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/coreos-cloudinit --from-file=%f
--- a/units/user-config.target
+++ b/units/user-config.target
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Load user-provided cloud configs
+Requires=system-config.target
+After=system-config.target
+
+# Watch for configs at a couple common paths
+Requires=user-cloudinit@media-configdrive-openstack-latest-user_data.path
+After=user-cloudinit@media-configdrive-openstack-latest-user_data.path
+Requires=user-cloudinit@var-lib-coreos\x2dinstall-user_data.path
+After=user-cloudinit@var-lib-coreos\x2dinstall-user_data.path
+
+Requires=user-cloudinit-proc-cmdline.service
+After=user-cloudinit-proc-cmdline.service