cloudinit/Documentation/cloud-config.md
Brian Waldon 7f55876378 Merge pull request #79 from robszumski/note-config-drive
feat(docs): note config-drive
2014-04-17 09:36:57 -07:00

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# Customize with Cloud-Config
CoreOS allows you to configure networking, create users, launch systemd units on startup and more. We've designed our implementation to allow the same cloud-config file to work across all of our supported platforms.
Only a subset of [cloud-config functionality][cloud-config] is implemented. A set of custom parameters were added to the cloud-config format that are specific to CoreOS. An example file containing all available options can be found at the bottom of this page.
[cloud-config]: http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/format.html#cloud-config-data
## How to Provide Cloud-Config
CoreOS tries to conform to each platform's native method to provide user data. Each cloud provider tends to be unique, but this complexity has been abstracted by CoreOS. You can view each platform's instructions on their documentation pages. The most universal way to provide cloud-config is [via config-drive](https://github.com/coreos/coreos-cloudinit/blob/master/Documentation/config-drive.md), which attaches a read-only device to the machine, that contains your cloud-config file.
## CoreOS Parameters
### coreos.etcd
The `coreos.etcd.*` options are translated to a partial systemd unit acting as an etcd configuration file.
We can use the templating feature of coreos-cloudinit to automate etcd configuration with the `$private_ipv4` and `$public_ipv4` fields. For example, the following cloud-config document...
```
#cloud-config
coreos:
etcd:
name: node001
# generate a new token for each unique cluster from https://discovery.etcd.io/new
discovery: https://discovery.etcd.io/<token>
# multi-region and multi-cloud deployments need to use $public_ipv4
addr: $public_ipv4:4001
peer-addr: $private_ipv4:7001
```
...will generate a systemd unit drop-in like this:
```
[Service]
Environment="ETCD_NAME=node001"
Environment="ETCD_DISCOVERY=https://discovery.etcd.io/<token>"
Environment="ETCD_ADDR=203.0.113.29:4001"
Environment="ETCD_PEER_ADDR=192.0.2.13:7001"
```
For more information about the available configuration options, see the [etcd documentation][etcd-config].
Note that hyphens in the coreos.etcd.* keys are mapped to underscores.
[etcd-config]: https://github.com/coreos/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/configuration.md
### coreos.oem
These fields are borrowed from the [os-release spec][os-release] and repurposed
as a way for coreos-cloudinit to know about the OEM partition on this machine:
- **id**: Lowercase string identifying the OEM
- **name**: Human-friendly string representing the OEM
- **version-id**: Lowercase string identifying the version of the OEM
- **home-url**: Link to the homepage of the provider or OEM
- **bug-report-url**: Link to a place to file bug reports about this OEM
coreos-cloudinit renders these fields to `/etc/oem-release`.
If no **id** field is provided, coreos-cloudinit will ignore this section.
For example, the following cloud-config document...
```
#cloud-config
coreos:
oem:
id: rackspace
name: Rackspace Cloud Servers
version-id: 168.0.0
home-url: https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/servers/
bug-report-url: https://github.com/coreos/coreos-overlay
```
...would be rendered to the following `/etc/oem-release`:
```
ID=rackspace
NAME="Rackspace Cloud Servers"
VERSION_ID=168.0.0
HOME_URL="https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/servers/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/coreos/coreos-overlay"
```
[os-release]: http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html
### coreos.units
Arbitrary systemd units may be provided in the `coreos.units` attribute.
`coreos.units` is a list of objects with the following fields:
- **name**: String representing unit's name. Required.
- **runtime**: Boolean indicating whether or not to persist the unit across reboots. This is analagous to the `--runtime` argument to `systemd enable`. Default value is false.
- **enable**: Boolean indicating whether or not to handle the [Install] section of the unit file. This is similar to running `systemctl enable <name>`. Default value is false.
- **content**: Plaintext string representing entire unit file. If no value is provided, the unit is assumed to exist already.
- **command**: Command to execute on unit: start, stop, reload, restart, try-restart, reload-or-restart, reload-or-try-restart. Default value is restart.
**NOTE:** The command field is ignored for all network, netdev, and link units. The systemd-networkd.service unit will be restarted in their place.
##### Examples
Write a unit to disk, automatically starting it.
```
#cloud-config
coreos:
units:
- name: docker-redis.service
content: |
[Unit]
Description=Redis container
Author=Me
After=docker.service
[Service]
Restart=always
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker start -a redis_server
ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker stop -t 2 redis_server
[Install]
WantedBy=local.target
```
Start the builtin `etcd` and `fleet` services:
```
# cloud-config
coreos:
units:
- name: etcd.service
command: start
- name: fleet.service
command: start
```
## Cloud-Config Parameters
### ssh_authorized_keys
Provided public SSH keys will be authorized for the `core` user.
The keys will be named "coreos-cloudinit" by default.
Override this with the `--ssh-key-name` flag when calling `coreos-cloudinit`.
```
#cloud-config
ssh_authorized_keys:
- ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC0g+ZTxC7weoIJLUafOgrm+h...
```
### hostname
The provided value will be used to set the system's hostname.
This is the local part of a fully-qualified domain name (i.e. `foo` in `foo.example.com`).
```
#cloud-config
hostname: coreos1
```
### users
Add or modify users with the `users` directive by providing a list of user objects, each consisting of the following fields.
Each field is optional and of type string unless otherwise noted.
All but the `passwd` and `ssh-authorized-keys` fields will be ignored if the user already exists.
- **name**: Required. Login name of user
- **gecos**: GECOS comment of user
- **passwd**: Hash of the password to use for this user
- **homedir**: User's home directory. Defaults to /home/<name>
- **no-create-home**: Boolean. Skip home directory creation.
- **primary-group**: Default group for the user. Defaults to a new group created named after the user.
- **groups**: Add user to these additional groups
- **no-user-group**: Boolean. Skip default group creation.
- **ssh-authorized-keys**: List of public SSH keys to authorize for this user
- **coreos-ssh-import-github**: Authorize SSH keys from Github user
- **coreos-ssh-import-url**: Authorize SSH keys imported from a url endpoint.
- **system**: Create the user as a system user. No home directory will be created.
- **no-log-init**: Boolean. Skip initialization of lastlog and faillog databases.
The following fields are not yet implemented:
- **inactive**: Deactivate the user upon creation
- **lock-passwd**: Boolean. Disable password login for user
- **sudo**: Entry to add to /etc/sudoers for user. By default, no sudo access is authorized.
- **selinux-user**: Corresponding SELinux user
- **ssh-import-id**: Import SSH keys by ID from Launchpad.
```
#cloud-config
users:
- name: elroy
passwd: $6$5s2u6/jR$un0AvWnqilcgaNB3Mkxd5yYv6mTlWfOoCYHZmfi3LDKVltj.E8XNKEcwWm...
groups:
- sudo
- docker
ssh-authorized-keys:
- ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC0g+ZTxC7weoIJLUafOgrm+h...
```
#### Generating a password hash
If you choose to use a password instead of an SSH key, generating a safe hash is extremely important to the security of your system. Simplified hashes like md5crypt are trivial to crack on modern GPU hardware. Here are a few ways to generate secure hashes:
```
# On Debian/Ubuntu (via the package "whois")
mkpasswd --method=SHA-512 --rounds=4096
# OpenSSL (note: this will only make md5crypt. While better than plantext it should not be considered fully secure)
openssl passwd -1
# Python (change password and salt values)
python -c "import crypt, getpass, pwd; print crypt.crypt('password', '\$6\$SALT\$')"
# Perl (change password and salt values)
perl -e 'print crypt("password","\$6\$SALT\$") . "\n"'
```
Using a higher number of rounds will help create more secure passwords, but given enough time, password hashes can be reversed. On most RPM based distributions there is a tool called mkpasswd available in the `expect` package, but this does not handle "rounds" nor advanced hashing algorithms.
#### Retrieving ssh authorized keys from a GitHub user
Using the field `coreos-ssh-import-github` you can make coreos-cloudinit to add the public ssh keys from a GitHub user as authorized keys to a server.
```
#cloud-config
users:
- name: elroy
coreos-ssh-import-github: elroy
```
#### Retrieving ssh authorized keys from an http endpoint
coreos-cloudinit can also pull public SSH keys from any http endpoint that matches [GitHub's API response format](https://developer.github.com/v3/users/keys/#list-public-keys-for-a-user).
For example, if you have an installation of GitHub Enterprise, you can provide a complete url with an authentication token:
```
#cloud-config
users:
- name: elroy
coreos-ssh-import-url: https://token:<OAUTH-TOKEN>@github-enterprise.example.com/users/elroy/keys
```
You can also provide any url which response matches that json format for public keys:
```
#cloud-config
users:
- name: elroy
coreos-ssh-import-url: https://example.com/public-keys
```
### write_files
Inject an arbitrary set of files to the local filesystem.
Provide a list of objects with the following attributes:
- **path**: Absolute location on disk where contents should be written
- **content**: Data to write at the provided `path`
- **permissions**: String representing file permissions in octal notation (i.e. '0644')
- **owner**: User and group that should own the file written to disk. This is equivalent to the `<user>:<group>` argument to `chown <user>:<group> <path>`.
Explicitly not implemented is the **encoding** attribute.
The **content** field must represent exactly what should be written to disk.
### manage_etc_hosts
Have coreos-cloudinit manage your /etc/hosts file for local name resolution.
The only supported value is "localhost" which will cause your system's hostname
to resolve to "127.0.0.1". This is helpful when the host does not have DNS
infrastructure in place to resolve its own hostname, for example, when using Vagrant.
```
#cloud-config
manage_etc_hosts: localhost
```