199 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
199 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
# Customize CoreOS with Cloud-Config
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CoreOS allows you to configure machine parameters, launch systemd units on startup and more. Only a subset of [cloud-config functionality][cloud-config] is implemented. A set of custom parameters were added to the cloud-config format that are specific to CoreOS.
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[cloud-config]: http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/format.html#cloud-config-data
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## Supported cloud-config Parameters
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### ssh_authorized_keys
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Provided public SSH keys will be authorized for the `core` user.
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The keys will be named "coreos-cloudinit" by default.
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Override this with the `--ssh-key-name` flag when calling `coreos-cloudinit`.
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### hostname
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The provided value will be used to set the system's hostname.
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This is the local part of a fully-qualified domain name (i.e. `foo` in `foo.example.com`).
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### users
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Add or modify users with the `users` directive by providing a list of user objects, each consisting of the following fields.
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Each field is optional and of type string unless otherwise noted.
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All but the `passwd` and `ssh-authorized-keys` fields will be ignored if the user already exists.
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- **name**: Required. Login name of user
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- **gecos**: GECOS comment of user
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- **passwd**: Hash of the password to use for this user
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- **homedir**: User's home directory. Defaults to /home/<name>
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- **no-create-home**: Boolean. Skip home directory createion.
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- **primary-group**: Default group for the user. Defaults to a new group created named after the user.
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- **groups**: Add user to these additional groups
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- **no-user-group**: Boolean. Skip default group creation.
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- **ssh-authorized-keys**: List of public SSH keys to authorize for this user
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- **system**: Create the user as a system user. No home directory will be created.
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- **no-log-init**: Boolean. Skip initialization of lastlog and faillog databases.
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The following fields are not yet implemented:
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- **inactive**: Deactivate the user upon creation
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- **lock-passwd**: Boolean. Disable password login for user
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- **sudo**: Entry to add to /etc/sudoers for user. By default, no sudo access is authorized.
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- **selinux-user**: Corresponding SELinux user
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- **ssh-import-id**: Import SSH keys by ID from Launchpad.
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##### Generating a password hash
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Generating a safe hash is important to the security of your system. Currently with updated tools like [oclhashcat](http://hashcat.net/oclhashcat/) simplified hashes like md5crypt are trivial to crack on modern GPU hardware. You can generate a "safer" hash (read: not safe, never publish your hashes publicly) via:
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###### On Debian/Ubuntu (via the package "whois")
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mkpasswd --method=SHA-512 --rounds=4096
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###### With OpenSSL (note: this will only make md5crypt. While better than plantext it should not be considered fully secure)
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openssl passwd -1
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###### With Python (change password and salt values)
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python -c "import crypt, getpass, pwd; print crypt.crypt('password', '\$6\$SALT\$')"
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###### With Perl (change password and salt values)
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perl -e 'print crypt("password","\$6\$SALT\$") . "\n"'
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Using a higher number of rounds will help create more secure passwords, but given enough time, password hashes can be reversed. On most RPM based distributions there is a tool called mkpasswd available in the `expect` package, but this does not handle "rounds" nor advanced hashing algorithms.
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### write_files
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Inject an arbitrary set of files to the local filesystem.
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Provide a list of objects with the following attributes:
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- **path**: Absolute location on disk where contents should be written
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- **content**: Data to write at the provided `path`
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- **permissions**: String representing file permissions in octal notation (i.e. '0644')
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- **owner**: User and group that should own the file written to disk. This is equivalent to the `<user>:<group>` argument to `chown <user>:<group> <path>`.
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## Custom cloud-config Parameters
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### coreos.etcd
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The `coreos.etcd.*` options are translated to a partial systemd unit acting as an etcd configuration file.
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`coreos-cloudinit` will also replace the strings `$private_ipv4` and `$public_ipv4` with the values generated by CoreOS based on a given provider.
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For example, the following cloud-config document...
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```
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#cloud-config
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coreos:
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etcd:
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name: node001
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discovery: https://discovery.etcd.io/3445fa65423d8b04df07f59fb40218f8
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bind-addr: $public_ipv4:4001
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peer-bind-addr: $private_ipv4:7001
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```
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...will generate a systemd snippet like this:
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```
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[Service]
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Environment="ETCD_NAME=node001""
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Environment="ETCD_DISCOVERY=https://discovery.etcd.io/3445fa65423d8b04df07f59fb40218f8"
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Environment="ETCD_BIND_ADDR=203.0.113.29:4001"
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Environment="ETCD_PEER_BIND_ADDR=192.0.2.13:7001"
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```
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For more information about the available configuration options, see the [etcd documentation][etcd-config].
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Note that hyphens in the coreos.etcd.* keys are mapped to underscores.
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[etcd-config]: https://github.com/coreos/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/configuration.md
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### coreos.units
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Arbitrary systemd units may be provided in the `coreos.units` attribute.
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`coreos.units` is a list of objects with the following fields:
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- **name**: string representing unit's name
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- **runtime**: boolean indicating whether or not to persist the unit across reboots. This is analagous to the `--runtime` flag to `systemd enable`.
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- **content**: plaintext string representing entire unit file
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See docker example below.
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## user-data Script
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Simply set your user-data to a script where the first line is a shebang:
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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echo 'Hello, world!'
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```
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## Examples
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### Inject an SSH key, bootstrap etcd, and start fleet
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```
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#cloud-config
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coreos:
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etcd:
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discovery: https://discovery.etcd.io/827c73219eeb2fa5530027c37bf18877
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fleet:
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autostart: yes
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ssh_authorized_keys:
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- ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC0g+ZTxC7weoIJLUafOgrm+h...
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```
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### Start a docker container on boot
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```
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#cloud-config
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coreos:
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units:
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- name: docker-redis.service
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content: |
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[Unit]
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Description=Redis container
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Author=Me
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After=docker.service
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[Service]
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Restart=always
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker start -a redis_server
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ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker stop -t 2 redis_server
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[Install]
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WantedBy=local.target
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```
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### Add a user
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```
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#cloud-config
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users:
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- name: elroy
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passwd: $6$5s2u6/jR$un0AvWnqilcgaNB3Mkxd5yYv6mTlWfOoCYHZmfi3LDKVltj.E8XNKEcwWm...
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groups:
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- staff
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- docker
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ssh-authorized-keys:
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- ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC0g+ZTxC7weoIJLUafOgrm+h...
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```
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### Inject configuration files
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```
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#cloud-config
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write_files:
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- path: /etc/hosts
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contents: |
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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192.0.2.211 buildbox
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- path: /etc/resolv.conf
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contents: |
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nameserver 192.0.2.13
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nameserver 192.0.2.14
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```
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